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The blackpill can be seen as a counterweight to the prevalent and bluepilled assumption that having a poor social and [[romance|romantic]] life is mostly [[Neoliberalism|one's own fault]] and/or a matter of cultivating a positive [[personality]]. It provides an basis whereby one can reject the barrage of "self-improvement" advice that is ubiquitous in media, advertising and in day-to-day [[platitude]] and [[virtue signaling]].
The blackpill can be seen as a counterweight to the prevalent and bluepilled assumption that having a poor social and [[romance|romantic]] life is mostly [[Neoliberalism|one's own fault]] and/or a matter of cultivating a positive [[personality]]. It provides an basis whereby one can reject the barrage of "self-improvement" advice that is ubiquitous in media, advertising and in day-to-day [[platitude]] and [[virtue signaling]].


==Themes==
== Themes ==


=== Looks matter ===
The themes of the blackpill are mostly about the importance of [[looks]] and how utterly hopeless the dating in the modern world appears to be. Apart from looks, [[hypergamy]] and women's preference for high status men is a central theme.
[[File:Attractiveness_Ratings_Wood_2009.png|400px|thumb|right|People strongly agree about very unattractive people being unattractive (small standard deviation).<ref name="wood"></ref> Women seem to have slightly more diverse preferences, but [[Variability hypothesis#Variability_in_sexual_desire|it's not clear why]]. [[Scientific Blackpill#Beauty_is_objective_and_measurable_in_the_brain|More information]].]]
{{main_articles|[[Scientific Blackpill#tocLooks_.28Life.29|Looks (Life)]] and [[Beauty]]}}


Humans universally prefer [[Beauty|good looking]] people and agree fairly consistently about who is attractive.<ref>Di Dio C, Macaluso E, Rizzolatti G (2007) The Golden Beauty: Brain Response to Classical and Renaissance Sculptures. PLoS ONE2(11): e1201. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001201</ref><ref>https://archive.is/tmkKW</ref><ref>Psychological Bulletin 2000, Vol. 126, No. 3, 390-423 DOI: 10.1037//0033-2909.126.3.390
</ref><ref>http://jonathanstray.com/papers/Langlois.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319178660</ref><ref>https://labs.la.utexas.edu/langloislab/files/2015/04/meta.pdf</ref> They agree more about the looks of very unattractive individuals, hence for them looks are more objective.<ref name="wood">https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0cb0/ad55235f09832dc9f28d1bbde9e86ea1a402.pdf</ref>
People agree less about people of average attractiveness, so here individual preferences play a greater role.  Even babies prefer attractive faces over non-attractive ones long before culture could have affected their preferences,<ref>https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn6355-babies-prefer-to-gaze-upon-beautiful-faces</ref><ref>http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/dev-dev0000734.pdf</ref> and even blind men have the same preferences about women's hourglass shape as sighted men.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090513809001093?via%3Dihub</ref>
Also, among widely different cultures, universal standards for [[beauty]] exist<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3130383/</ref> and women almost universally prefer tall men to short men.<ref>https://research.similarminds.com/romantic-height-preferences-in-men-and-women/227</ref>
Physical appearance plays a significant role in occupational prestige and its impact is constant over the employment history.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027656241200056X</ref>
What is more, people automatically associate physical attractiveness with various positive traits to an unreasonable degree, e.g. a good personality, humor, morality, intelligence and health ([[halo effect]]), especially initially.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Attractive_people_are_perceived_much_more_positively_than_they_really_are</ref>
This may even affect parents treating their good looking offspring better.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/03/health/ugly-children-may-get-parental-short-shrift.html</ref> In contrast to intuitive judgements, looks are only weakly related to health and even less with morality or cognitive ability which suggests beauty and symmetry [[Fisherian runaway|evolved only because they look good]], not because they indicate any other benefits to meaningful degree.
Taken together, these research findings suggest that human preferences for physical appearance is largely innate and possibly resulted from aesthetic [[sexual selection]] and perhaps [[Fisherian runaway|runaway selection]], rather than from cultural evolution or even [[social constructionism|social construction]].
=== Women care about looks ===
{{main_article|[[Scientific_Blackpill#tocLooks_.28Love.29|Looks (Love)]]}}
[[File:Attractiveness ratings by men and women (dataclysm).png|400px|thumb|right|Women rate 80% of men below medium, while men rate women on a more even bell curve distribution (Rudder, 2014). [[Scientific Blackpill#Mental_disorders_significantly_reduce_male_fertility.2C_substantially_more_than_they_do_for_women|More information]].]]
[[File:Fertility_Ratios.png|400px|thumb|right|The fertility ratio is the ratio of the number of offspring each group produced compared to healthy people. [[Scientific Blackpill#Women_rate_80.25_of_men_as_.22below_average.22.2C_while_men_rate_women_on_a_bell_curve|More information]].]]
Ratings of physical attractiveness predict romantic interest to the same extent in women and men as a large meta study (N = 29,414) concluded.<ref>https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2013-12483-001</ref>
What is more, women place a minimum threshold of physical attractiveness on potential mates before they are willing to consider anything else about them.<ref>https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40806-017-0092-x</ref>  Moreover, women lie about the importance of physical attractiveness.<ref>https://www.livescience.com/58607-mens-looks-may-matter-more-than-personality.html</ref> Women also rate looks more harshly than men. They rate 80% of men as below [[Decile|5/10]] with a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skew_normal_distribution skewed distribution] both in online dating and non-online settings, whereas men rate women [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution normally].<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Women_rate_80.25_of_men_as_.22below_average.22.2C_while_men_rate_women_on_a_bell_curve</ref>
The common objection to women being shallow about looks in online dating is that in real life women would care about personality and that one could easily make up for bad looks with a good personality. Sadly, various studies showed looks are the only factor to predict initial romantic interest,<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Looks_are_most_important_to_women_in_blind_dating</ref><ref>https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2005-11095-001</ref>
and they are only slightly less important in long-term dating.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22468419</ref>
Looks are highly heritable as well,<ref>https://www2.psy.uq.edu.au/~uqbziets/Mitchem%20et%20al%202013%20Estimating%20the%20sex-specific%20effects%20of%20genes%20on%20facial%20attractiveness%20and%20sexual%20dimorphism.pdf</ref>
so even though lifestyle choices like [[gymcel|bodybuilding]] can improve looks, [[Scientific_Blackpill#A_man.27s_muscle_building_capacity_is_primarily_determined_by_genetics|much of it is predetermined]], with more than half of an individual's lean mass being hereditary,<ref>https://asbmr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.12.2076</ref>
and an individual's response to resistance training is significantly determined by genetics.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7794282_Variability_in_muscle_size_and_strength_gain_after_unilateral_resistance_training</ref>
The effects of plastic surgery on physical attractiveness are also small.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Facial_plastic_surgery_significantly_changes_how_a_man.27s_personality_is_perceived</ref>
Furthermore, men's attractiveness and masculinity predict a woman's chance of orgasm.<ref>https://putslab.la.psu.edu/documents/Puts%20et%20al.%20EHB%202012-1.pdf</ref>
While not as drastic as women's harsh ratings of men's looks suggest, there is indeed evidence of women dating up in looks, e.g. unattractive men were less likely married in a Spanish study (15% less likely married than attractive men).<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Being_unattractive_reduces_men.27s_chances_of_finding_partners.2C_but_not_women.27s</ref>
Conversely, very unattractive women were more likely being married than other women, providing some evidence for [[Juggernaut law]].<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#.27Very_unattractive.27_women_are_more_likely_to_be_married_than_other_women</ref>
The more attractive the male partner, the sooner women allow for sex to occur<ref name="ref183">https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#The_attractiveness_gap_in_a_couple_predicts_how_long_they_wait_before_engaging_in_sex</ref>
and the less likely they would prefer a condom,<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Women_are_less_likely_to_use_a_condom_with_a_more_attractive_male_partner</ref> providing evidence for the [[sexy son hypothesis]].
The misconception that women would not care about looks may stem from political correctness as the Norwegian sexologist [[Kristin Spitznogle]] suggested, from the ''[[women-are-wonderful effect]]'',<ref name="ref92">https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1991.tb00792.x</ref> or from the fact that [[Scientific Blackpill#|men prefer young and fertile women]] and youth is associated with beauty. It also requires a ''much higher'' level of looks for women to copulate with a complete stranger [[sexy son hypothesis|only because of his looks]] than vice-versa, so this simply happens rarely. It may also be a remnant of monogamy norms, forcing women to marry men regardless of their looks.
That being said about the importance of looks, there exist anecdotal evidence, that many incels are not particularly ugly, sometimes even physically attractive, but these claims are possibly biased in the sense that only good looking incels expose themselves to the public.<ref name="ref159">https://incels.wiki/w/Demographics_of_inceldom#Germany</ref> Looks do not seem to matter as much as many incels claim (e.g. unattractiveness only lowers the chances of marriage by 15%), but they do matter to some extent and good looks make life easier and open doors. In a study of Reddit users answering why they are single (not necessarily incels) on AskReddit, most answered they were physically unattractive, with about half as many mentioning obesity (see [[causes of inceldom]]).<ref>https://doi.org/10.1007/s40806-018-0163-7</ref> Looks were also after shyness (i.e. [[dominance hierarchy|low status]]), mentioned as the second common barrier in the [[Donnelly study]] with 47% of virgins and 56% of singles mentioning this factor, compared to only 9% of partnered people.
Women do not seem to care more about looks as men (but roughly equally), so women's harsher ratings possibly result from an intuition to avoid initiating romance and giving men complements, having a more coy and [[sex drive#Female_passivity|passive sexuality]] all around. Initiation would make it more difficult to reject a male as the initiator bears more responsibility.
=== Women are choosy ===
{{main_articles|[[Sex drive#Initiation_and_female_passivity|Female passivity]], [[courtship]] and [[hypergamy]]}}
[[File:Messages OkCupid.png|right|thumb|400x400px|On OkCupid, women receive 8 times as many messages per week as men even though the sex ratio is even and men in online dating are not uglier than elsewhere (Rudder, 2014). [[Scientific Blackpill#Women_rate_80.25_of_men_as_.22below_average.22.2C_while_men_rate_women_on_a_bell_curve|More information]].]]
'''Female choosiness — male horniness'''
By virtue of a having a womb, women have more [[Bateman's principle|parental investment]], so they evolved to be more choosy maters.
A result of this is that men's demand for sex is insatiable and men are [[sex drive|doomed to be horny]].
Even in stable relationships men masturbate four times as often as women.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Libido#Masturbation</ref>
Men much more readily agree to unsolicited invitations to sex,<ref name="ref66">https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Men_like_61.9.25_of_female_profiles.2C_women_like_only_4.5.25_of_male_profiles</ref>
they less likely regret casual sex<ref>http://doi.org/10.1177/1474704916682903</ref>
and more often regret missing out on sex.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1177/1474704916682903</ref>
Additionally, there are large sex differences in sexual disgust.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Women_feel_sexual_disgust_when_they_imagine_even_talking_to_an_unattractive_man</ref>
Women are more coy (reluctant to have sex) across the globe and flirting universally consists of the man [[courtship|impressing]] the woman.<ref>Eibl-Eibesfeldt I. 2017. ''Pair Formation, Courtship, Sexual Love.'' In: ''Human Ethology.'' Rougtledge. [[https://books.google.com/books?id=-CExDwAAQBAJ&lpg=PT6&ots=KctjD7Zprm&dq=Pair%20Formation%2C%20Courtship%2C%20Sexual%20Love&pg=PT335#v=onepage&q=Pair%20Formation,%20Courtship,%20Sexual%20Love&f=false Excerpt]]</ref><ref>http://doi.org/10.1080/00224490903402520</ref>
Women overwhelmingly prefer being asked out on dates vs doing the asking,<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#93.25_of_women_preferred_being_asked_out_on_a_date_rather_than_doing_the_asking</ref> possibly to avoid responsibility as mentioned above.
Women's coyness and reluctance to initiate anything can also be seen on Tinder where women have on average 20 times as many matches as men.<ref>Gareth Tyson, Vasile C. Perta, Hamed Haddadi, Michael C. Seto, Queen Mary University of London, Sapienza University of Rome, Royal Ottawa Health Care Group A First Look at User Activity on Tinder</ref>
The top 10% of men get 58% of women's likes in online dating,<ref>https://hingeirl.com/hinge-reports/whats-the-biggest-challenge-men-face-on-dating-apps-a-qa-with-aviv-goldgeier-junior-growth-engineer</ref><ref>ttps://qz.com/1051462/these-statistics-show-why-its-so-hard-to-be-an-average-man-on-dating-apps/</ref>
and even in online dating platforms with an even sex ratio, like OkCupid one finds women receive around 8 times as many messages.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Hypergamy</ref>
[[File:poorcel2.png|thumb|right|Number of received messages by income bracket and age (OkCupid Blog). [[Scientific Blackpill#Women_prefer_men_with_high_income_and_high_educational_status|More information]].]]
[[File:WantSexOften.png|right|thumb|400x400px|Women's interest in sex declines rapidly while men's interest remains relatively stable. [[Scientific Blackpill#Women_rapidly_lose_interest_in_sex_once_in_a_stable_relationship_or_living_with_a_man|More information]].]]
Having greater parental investment, women also evolved to be heavily dependent on men's resources.<ref name="ref114">https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill_(Supplemental)#Women_were_historically_predominantly_involved_in_cooking_and_they_never_dominated_men</ref>
This makes women extra choosy as the man not only needs to be attractive, but also a good provider.
'''Principle of least interest'''
As a result of being more choosy, women having much more options to choose from as there are overall more men desiring women than vice-versa.<ref>Baumeister, R.F. and Tice, D.M., 2001. The social dimension of sex. Allyn & Bacon.</ref>
Men and women aim up to the same extent and few aim unrealistically high,<ref>https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/advances/4/8/eaap9815.full.pdf</ref>
but since men have fewer alternative mating options available to them, they more readily make compromises and eventually date down,<ref>https://assets.csom.umn.edu/assets/71503.pdf</ref>
particularly if they experience frequent rejection.<ref>https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/abs/10.1027/1864-9335/a000392</ref>
In economics, this is called the ''principle of least interest'' as the party that has the least interest (women in this case) get to decide on the conditions of the contract as the other party more readily compromises having fewer alternative options of as high value to them.
Making compromises means dating down, so women get to ''date up'' ([[hypergamy]]).<ref name="ref136">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016748701630277X</ref><ref>https://d-nb.info/997448148/34</ref>
'''Bodyguard hypothesis and polygamy'''
{{main_article|[[Bodyguard hypothesis]]}}
Being physically weaker, women are believed to choose the most dominant male available to be protected from contenders ([[bodyguard hypothesis]]<ref>https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4615-5985-6_21</ref>) and to get access to high quality foods.<ref>http://web.simmons.edu/%7Eturnerg/MCC/Matechoice2PDF.pdf</ref>
Much of what distinguishes the male phenotype points to an evolutionary history of contest competition between men for mating opportunities.<ref>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/9781119125563.evpsych113</ref>
Especially when many women accumulate at the most dominant males (polygyny), it implies women tend to date up overall and there is a surplus of men at the bottom of the socioeconomic hierarchy without any sex.
In fact, female hypergamy agrees with evidence that humans are a moderately polygamous species. In the Ethnographic Atlas, of 1,231 societies noted, 588 had frequent polygyny, 453 had occasional polygyny, and only 186 were fully monogamous.<ref>http://eclectic.ss.uci.edu/~drwhite/worldcul/atlas.htm</ref>
Women may have reproduced twice as often as men throughout history as a result.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Before_.27enforced_monogamy.27.2C_women.27s_effective_population_size_was_up_to_17x_larger_than_men.27s</ref>
Women prefer partnered men over single men which may be related to women's preference for high status, but may also be an adaption of women living in [[polygyny|harems]].<ref>http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-2649.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022103109001048</ref><ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1660608/</ref> Men do not show such preferences.
'''Women love high status men'''
Women's preference for high status men ties into the [[Human dominance hierarchies|hierarchical organization in humans]].
Cross-culturally, men do not care about women's socioeconomic status and achievements, but women care a lot about men's.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/29871054_International_Preferences_in_Selecting_Mates_A_Study_of_37_Cultures</ref><ref name="ref66"></ref><ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill_(Supplemental)#Women_.28and_men.29_pay_more_attention_to_high_status_men.2C_not_high_status_women</ref>
Women with higher income tend to have a preference for men with even higher income, while men have no such preferences.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-103408</ref>
Women are 1,000 times choosier about a potential partner's wealth,<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Women_are_1.2C000x_more_sensitive_than_men_to_economic_status_cues_when_rating_attractiveness</ref>
and they like online dating profiles with a higher education status than their own ''twice'' as often, and men with lower status ''half'' as often as men with equal status.<ref name="ref66"></ref>
Women are twice as likely to marry up in income when they marry down in education<ref>https://ifstudies.org/blog/better-educated-women-still-prefer-higher-earning-husbands</ref>
and women are prone to instability when they are more attractive than their male partner.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S019188691500505X</ref>
In the Swedish top 1% income bracket, 70% of men, but only 30% of women, are partnered with someone in the bottom 90% bracket.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004727271930177X</ref>
What is more, there is evidence of women refusing to date down in educational status or marry men with lower income than their own, and preferring to remain single when they cannot date up or across the social hierarchy.<ref>https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-6004239/High-flying-career-women-refusing-marry-despite-struggling-Mr-Right.html</ref><ref>https://www.edge.org/response-detail/26747</ref><ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill_(Supplemental)#Women_lose_mating_opportunities_with_higher_status.2C_men_gain_mating_opportunities</ref><ref name="ref158">https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjv001</ref><ref>https://fee.org/articles/why-single-women-are-way-more-likely-to-own-a-home-than-single-men/</ref><ref>https://newsroom.wiley.com/press-release/journal-marriage-and-family/do-unmarried-women-face-shortages-partners-us-marriage-mar</ref><ref>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jomf.12603</ref>
These findings suggest, as women are surpassing men in socioeconomic status, more men are becoming sexually unattractive.
They also suggest, welfare and affirmative action for women, as well as decreasing economic growth and increasing economic inequality, tend to reduce the [[sexual market value]] of lots of men because provision of resources are men's main goods to sell in the sex market.
Women's sexual market value is, on the other hand, rather determined by their looks and their reputation of faithfulness (things that men desire).<ref>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.03.011</ref>
'''A rise of female hypergamy'''
There is evidence that hypergamy has intensified in the recent years. The top 5-20% of men (i.e. "[[Chad|Chads]]") are now having more sex than before the sexual revolution.<ref>Harper CR, Dittus PJ, Leichliter JS, Aral, SO. Changes in the Distribution of Sex Partners in the United States: 2002 to 2011–2013. Sexually Transmitted Diseases: February 2017 - Volume 44 - Issue 2 - p 96–100. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000554</ref><ref>https://journals.lww.com/stdjournal/Fulltext/2017/02000/Changes_in_the_Distribution_of_Sex_Partners_in_the.5.aspx</ref>
In addition, women's infidelity rate has increased,<ref name="ref152">http://www.fincham.info/papers/2017-infidelity.pdf</ref>
and for people aged 20 to 30, it is now close to men's infidelity rate,<ref>https://ifstudies.org/blog/who-cheats-more-the-demographics-of-cheating-in-america</ref>
and overall also only a bit lower than men's, which is curious in light that women are much more likely to tolerate it (presumably because men can't have babies and maybe also an adaptation of harem wives).<ref>https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2196146/Why-affairs-unforgivable-Six-women-forgive-partner-strayed-twice.html</ref>
The more men date down, and the more partners are available e.g. through online dating and social networks, the choosier women become as they can choose from more options leading them to wait for the perceived opportunity for a partner of very high mate value. This results in men dating down even more out of frustration, possibly aggravating the situation and forming a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_feedback_loop positive feedback loop] in male sexual frustration and female choosiness.<ref name="ref169">https://www.technologyreview.com/s/601909/how-tinder-feedback-loop-forces-men-and-women-into-extreme-strategies/</ref>
'''Female fickleness'''
Women get bored with relationships and sex much sooner than men<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Women_rapidly_lose_interest_in_sex_once_in_a_stable_relationship_or_living_with_a_man</ref>
which may be a result of women being more choosy and more readily finding flaws in their partners and of a greater anxiety not having made the best partner choice possible.
As a result, women are more likely to initiate divorce across a wide variety of cultures (e.g. 2/3 of divorces are initiated by women in the U.S.)<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Women_initiate_69.25_of_divorces</ref>
and have been in the U.S. at least since year 1862.<ref>http://www.web.stanford.edu/~mrosenfe/Rosenfeld_gender_of_breakup.pdf</ref>
'''Women's love style'''
In summary, women's hypergamous love style is more opportunistic and transactional than men's, driven by a hardwired expectation to be provided for. Women are loved nearly unconditionally, men are not.
Men display a lot more grief when widowed,<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Being_widowed_in_one.27s_20s_increases_suicide_risk_by_.7E17x_for_men.2C_but_only_.7E4x_for_women</ref> whereas women more likely simply move on.
Social expectations for men are overall higher, hence [[Femcel|femcels]] are [[demographics|rarer]] than male incels and more likely [[Volcel|volcels]].
Since women have more dating options available to them, they tend to have much more power over relationships than they like to admit ([[Briffault's law]]).
There exists a strong ''[[women-are-wonderful effect|women-are-wonderful]]'' bias in that women are perceived more favorably than men in all kinds of regards which additionally suggests men are overall held to higher standards.<ref name="ref92"></ref>
=== Women prefer strong men ===
{{main_article|[[Scientific Blackpill#Personality|Personality]]}}
[[File:Womens fantasies.PNG|400px|thumb|right|Women's rape fantasies. [[Scientific Blackpill#62.25_of_women_have_fantasies_about_rape_and_other_forced_sex_acts|More information]].]]
Contrary to mainstream dating advice that women would like nice men, many women, if not ''most'' women, are actually attracted to dominant and strong men, both physically dominant (a bulky appearance) and in character (confidence, stoicism).<ref name="ref172">https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Personality</ref>
In one study, ''not a single woman'' out of 160 significantly preferred the physically weaker man when given the choice between a strong and a weak one.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#All_women_find_the_bodies_of_.27strong_looking_men.27_more_attractive_than_those_with_weaker_bodies</ref>
Women tend to prefer callous and psychopathic men, possibly because these act as [[signaling theory|costly signals]] of high status.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#On_average.2C_women_are_attracted_to_the_Dark_Triad.E2.80.94narcissism.2C_manipulativeness.2C_.26_psychopathy</ref>
Women's desire to be overpowered may also be related to the female [[Female subordination|testing the the man]].
Further, most women have [[rape]] fantasies and much of women's erotic literature, which accounts for 40% of mass paperback sales in the United States, revolves around taming a dominant, ruthless male.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Women_are_drawn_more_than_men_to_nonfiction_stories_of_rape.2C_murder.2C_and_serial_killers</ref>
Aggressive men with low inhibition levels (e.g. ADHD, criminals, bullies) have substantially more sex partners and offspring.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#62.25_of_women_have_fantasies_about_rape_and_other_forced_sex_acts</ref>
In naturalistic settings (i.e. rating a video interaction between a male and a female), it has been shown that women generally rate the men with higher levels of psychopathy as more attractive, controlling for physical attractiveness.<ref>https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40806-019-00213-0</ref> A meta-analysis consisting of 53 studies found consistent evidence for a link between deliquency, drug use and greater sexual success in males.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120513221622/http://abacon.com/ellis/tables/ch8.pdf</ref>
Social status predicts 62% of the variance in men's mating opportunities.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00029939</ref> These preferences are highly related to [[hypergamy]] and are also thought to be explained by the [[bodyguard hypothesis]].
Women are much more passive maters than men, e.g. the vast majority of them prefers being asked out on a date vs doing the asking, i.e. they prefer men taking on the dominant/active role.<ref>https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-how-and-why-sex-differences/201104/why-dont-women-ask-men-out-first-dates</ref>
For men, a relationship is a project, for women it is a choice.<ref>http://jessmaxwell.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Honeymoon-is-over_in-press.pdf</ref>
Women tend to dislike exclusively nice men and they dislike vegetarians, finding them less masculine.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Vegetarian_men_are_less_attractive.2C_likable.2C_and_masculine_to_women_than_omnivorous_men</ref>
Health is a stronger predictor of marriage satisfaction for males than for females, suggesting that it is more important for males to be confident and dependable ([[stoicism|stoic]]).<ref name="ref105">https://www.ashdin.com/articles/female-choice-and-male-stoicism.pdf</ref>
Men might have been selected to hide/deny their illnesses and limitations ([[stoicism]]), possibly contributing to their earlier mortality.<ref name="ref105"></ref>
For example, men with a mental condition frequently have less romantic success than women with the same condition.<ref>https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/1390257</ref>
Mental conditions that are especially detrimental are schizophrenia and autism.<ref name="ref171">https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Mental</ref>
There is evidence that these mental disorders can also be accurately detected even in photographic first impressions, somewhat independent of the effect of physical attractiveness on positive judgement, suggesting it is difficult to conceal these disorders from observers.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0092656618300394</ref>
Among blackpillers there is disagreement about whether dominance and aggression are actually conductive to dating success (science does suggest so, though likely only past some minimal standard of looks),<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#A_man.27s_personality_only_matters_to_a_woman_if_he_meets_her_basic_looks_cutoff_first</ref> some claiming that only looks truly matter. Better looks may allow one to act in a dominant manner to some extent, e.g. looks are correlated with extroversion (r = .2)<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0092656610000279</ref> and attractive men are more readily forgiven for deviant behavior,<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0092656674900440</ref> in particular women much more readily call an unattractive man's behavior [[creep]]y.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Women_permit_.27creepy.27_behavior_from_attractive_but_not_unattractive_men</ref>
=== Women are teenagers ===
[[File:Crying_propensity_by_sex.png|400px|thumb|right|Women state they are much more likely to cry in various situations. [[Scientific Blackpill (Supplemental)#Women_cry_four_times_as_much_as_men_and_never_outgrow_teenage_crying_behavior|More information]].]]
{{main_articles|[[Neoteny]], [[Female solipsism]], [[Scientific Blackpill (Supplemental)#Tee-Hee|Tee-hee]] and [[Scientific_Blackpill#tocSluts|Sluts]]}}
Women have been described as childish and "incomplete" [[timeless quotes on women|throughout human history]]. Women do not only look a lot more childlike than men ([[neoteny]]), but they also behave in a more childlike manner.
For example, women's average emotional and crying behavior does not mature beyond the behavior of mid teen girls.<ref name="wcry">https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill_(Supplemental)#Women_cry_four_times_as_much_as_men_and_never_outgrow_teenage_crying_behavior</ref>
Adult women cry 4 times as often as men on average, and when they cry they also cry more intensely.<ref name="wcry"></ref> 65% of women say they would likely cry when receiving criticism, but only 25% of men say the same.<ref name="wcry"></ref>
Notably, this has not changed with the [[sexual revolution]].<ref>http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014862714833</ref>
Conversely, men have evolved for combat, hunting and [[dominance hierarchy|dominance competition]] and as a result, nearly all men are stronger than nearly all women.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill_(Supplemental)#Almost_all_men_are_stronger_than_almost_all_women</ref>
Women were historically predominantly involved in cooking and they never dominated men.<ref name="ref114"></ref>
Women's gossiping has been a concern throughout history<ref>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2014.04.006</ref>  being twice as talkative as men in small groups,<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill_(Supplemental)#Women_are_twice_as_talkative_in_small_groups_than_men</ref> and women gossip much more about close friends and acquaintances than men,<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill_(Supplemental)#Tee-Hee</ref> particularly about looks,<ref>https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11199-012-0160-4</ref>
are very mean to one another,<ref>https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Fapl0000289/</ref><ref>https://www.brandwatch.com/blog/react-will-twitter-ever-free-misogynistic-abuse/</ref>
are significantly less cooperative towards each other than men are towards other men,<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691817305917</ref> and they are are more often described as difficult or demanding<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0003122417737951</ref> (even though one would expect the reverse due to the overall prevalent ''[[women-are-wonderful effect|women-are-wonderful]]'' stereotype, implying women must be ''even worse'' than people like to admit). Women also take significantly longer to resolve same-sex conflicts.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill_(Supplemental)#Women_are_angrier_in_intrasexual_conflicts_than_men_and_need_more_time_for_conflict_resolution</ref>
Female gossip is thought to be based in women's intrasexual competition in attracting high status males by their looks and reputation of faithfulness (since men and their mothers want certainty the offspring they invest in is their's which is thought to have motivated [[female subordination|restrictions on women's sexual behavior throughout history]]). Men are also believed to be less gossipy and more cooperative because they can achieve more effective resource extraction by cooperating, something women do not need to worry much about.<ref>http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.03.011</ref>
Like children, women lie ''a lot'', often presumably to avoid conflict (likely related women's higher agreeableness which is a childish/submissive trait in itself),<ref>http://midus.wisc.edu/findings/pdfs/1779.pdf</ref>
but also to avoid negative gossip from other women,<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022103117304195</ref> and because they are rarely held accountable (see [[female hypoagency]]).
For example, women underreport their number of past sex partners<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Women.27s_reported_sex_partner_count_dramatically_increases_when_hooked_up_to_a_polygraph</ref>
and lie more about the extent they care about looks.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#It_is_Looks_.3E_Personality_.3E_Money_for_both_genders.2C_but_women_lie_more_about_it</ref>
Like children, women stick to themselves, e.g. women place 4.5 times greater importance on themselves as a group than men do (related to women-are-wonderful effect).<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill_(Supplemental)#Women_have_a_4.5x_greater_preference_for_their_own_sex_then_men_do</ref>
Women make up the majority of victims of workplace mass hysteria which indicates they are more prone to hysterical group think and conformance.<ref>https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/smq/1990-v15-n1-smq1202/031549ar/</ref>
Just like children, women want to be treated special, e.g. even feminist women prefer men who take care for them.<ref>http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0146167218781000</ref>
And adding to the childish and solipsistic contradictions, even feminist women have as much rape fantasies as other women.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490609552336</ref><ref>https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-012-9934-6</ref>
23–33% of women have admitted to having gone on dates merely to get free food.<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1948550619856308</ref>
Women interrupt each other more than men interrupt women.<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0261927X14533197</ref>
Women more often initiate intimate partner violence than men.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#More_adult_men_are_victims_of_intimate_partner_physical_violence_than_women</ref>
Women's self-sexualization, high beauty standards (sometimes leading to eating disorders<ref name="ref136"></ref>) and [[female subordination|historically restricted female sexuality]] seem stem from female intrasexual competition more than from the [["It's the patriarchy"|patriarchy]].<ref>http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2018/08/20/1717959115</ref><ref>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02122/full</ref><ref>http://www.femininebeauty.info/suppression.pdf</ref>
The fact that seemingly the majority of women fails to recognize, let alone oppose the immense [[gynocentrism|gynocentric]] contradictions and falsehoods in media narratives (e.g. about [[rape|harassment, rape]], the [[gender pay gap]], the [[patriarchy]] and [[female subordination|suppression of female sexuality]]),
is indicative of a childish [[female solipsism|solipsism]] and lack of self-awareness, qualities that have been observed in women cross-culturally throughout history (see [[timeless quotes on women]]). The entire idea of "sexism" appears to be fueled by a childish sense of retaliation, an urge to be taken care of and seemingly to [[female subordination|provoke a reaction]].
Women may have been selected to be childish and submissive as men and also their parents prefer women who's reproductive behavior is easy to control in order to minimize the risk of cuckoldry and ruining the family's and man's reputation.<ref name="pubescent">https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#It_is_normal_for_healthy_men_to_find_pubescent_.26_prepubescent_females_sexually_arousing</ref>  Further, for the purpose of [[paternity assurance]], it makes sense for men to monopolize a woman at young age; something that women do not need to worry about. Taken together, this may explain men's highly common sexual attraction to fertile underage girls.<ref name="pubescent" />
=== Inceldom is harmful ===
[[File:Sex is the most valued human experience.png|400px|right|thumb|Ratings of how pleasurable and meaningful activities are, with sex being rated most highly in all categories (Grimma, Kemp & Jose, 2015) [[Scientific Blackpill#Sex_is_the_most_pleasurable.2C_joyous.2C_and_meaningful_human_experience|More information.]]]]
{{main_articles|[[Demographics]], [[Scientific Blackpill#Health|Scientific Blackpill (Health)]] and [[Adverse effects of inceldom]]}}
Sexlessness, singledom and loneliness are on the rise and likely have a number of adverse effects, though for now most results are only correlational. Sex is regarded as the most pleasurable activity of all (see the figure on the right). The literature clearly documents that marriage has a protective effect, especially for men's health.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Adverse_effects_of_inceldom#Benefits_of_marriage</ref> In one report, loneliness was estimated to be as lethal as smoking 15 cigarettes per day. Both excessive smokers and lonely people are 50% more likely to die prematurely than those with healthy social relationships and non-smokers respectively. Sexlessness negatively affects both men and women.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Mating_performance_is_significantly_related_to_happiness_and_life_satisfaction</ref> What is more, the overall happiness of a country may positively affect productivity and the economy.<ref>http://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00074-1</ref><ref>https://www.economist.com/business/2019/07/28/employee-happiness-and-business-success-are-linked</ref> In fact, a Chinese company employed women to cheer up their male workers to great effect.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/24/business/china-women-technology.html</ref>
Populations with more unmarried men due to polygamy have greater violent conflict potential.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002719859636</ref><ref>http://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0290</ref> Being in a relationship may increase men's social status,<ref>https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-016-0618-x</ref> in particular among women who prefer partnered men over singles.<ref>https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40750-018-0099-y</ref>
Sexual activity was related to greater well-being the next day,<ref>https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2017-25711-001</ref> and warm partner contact lowers cardiovascular stress.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#tocHealth</ref>
=== Dual mating strategy ===
{{main_article|[[Strategic pluralism]]}}
Dual-mating refers to a hypothesis that women have an innate mating strategy that involves two mates: A primary partner as [[long-term relationship|long-term]] support (a beta [[cuckold]]), and secondary sex partner of higher mate quality in order to get "good genes" for the offspring (an [[Chad|alpha male]]) by cheating on or [[cuck|cuckolding]] their primary partner.<ref>http://pillse.bol.ucla.edu/Publications/Pillsworth&Haselton_ARSR.pdf</ref>
In recent times, this hypothesis was used to explain the rise of female infidelity,<ref name="ref152"></ref>
as well as seemingly higher rates of [[cuck|cuckoldry]] and also seemingly increasing rates of beta men providing for single mothers in their 30s or 40s [[pump and dump|after]] they had obtained a child from a more desirable male, which was dubbed [[betabux|alpha fucks, beta bucks]] (AF/BB), in the manosphere.
More recently, however, the dual-mating strategy fell in disfavor in the scientific community for a number of reasons. One reason is that non-paternity rates are globally very low, even though contraceptives and relaxed marital norms should make AF/BB occur much more often if it was natural.<ref>https://labs.la.utexas.edu/buss/files/2013/02/The-Mate-Switching-Hypothesis-FINAL-PUBLISHED-2017.pdf (see Section 6)</ref>
E.g. only 3% of all children in the U.S. live with a step father.<ref>https://ifstudies.org/blog/more-than-60-of-u-s-kids-live-with-two-biological-parents/</ref> Also in recent European history, non-paternity rates were not high.<ref>https://eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-11/cp-ddo110719.php</ref>
Non-paternity rates are sometimes high in hunter-gatherers though and the men in such societies also often do not invest much in their offspring beyond childhood.<ref>https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0caa/60bcadd5768c6619ec01dbe1f6d77a93ffbc.pdf</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_at_Dawn</ref>
One can also regard beta tax payers as "virtual provider mates", paying for single mothers who, presumably, often copulated with men way above their league and thus ended up being [[pump and dump|pumped and dumped]], so there is some truth to dual mating.
=== Causes of inceldom ===
{{main_article|[[Causes of inceldom]]}}
Sexlessness and loneliness are thought to have many different causes, e.g. of economic, cultural or environmentalist/pessimist nature, as well as rapid technological changes. There are no causal scientific results explaining sexlessness, so all points below are (educated) guesswork.
<ul><li>
'''[[Hypergamy]] & [[affirmative action]]''': With women's increased status, more incels (both male and female) are to be expected because women prefer to date up. For example, aversion to having the wife earn more than the husband explains 29% of the decline in marriage rates over the last thirty years.<ref name="ref158"></ref>
</li><li>
'''[[Lookism]]''': Many blackpillers primarily blame the raise of lookism enabled by women's emancipation and financial independence allowing women to ruthlessly choose based on looks, a point that was also raised by the Norwegian sexologist and feminist [[Kristin Spitznogle]]. Physical ugliness decreases [[SMV]] and hence increases chances of inceldom, but according to some anecdotal evidence, incels often do not look particularly ugly,<ref name="ref159"></ref> but these claims remain somewhat dubious as it could have been selection bias of the sort that only good looking people seek help from female sex therapists and are inclined to participate in a TV show.
</li><li>
'''Economic stagnation & competitiveness''': As systems hit limits of growth, economies stagnate and social networks allow for social comparison with more people, people also may become more competitive,<ref>https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/fulfillment-any-age/201905/the-surprising-truth-about-perfectionism-in-millennials</ref><ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill_(Supplemental)#It_is_not_men_who_suppress_female_sexuality_but_women</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/society/2018/jul/17/my-brain-feels-like-its-been-punched-the-intolerable-rise-of-perfectionism</ref><ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/29/opinion/sunday/in-praise-of-mediocrity.html</ref>
[[narcissism|narcissistic]]<ref name="ref197">https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#36.4.25_of_US_male_online_daters_are_now_resorting_to_anabolic_steroids_.26_bulimia_to_compete</ref>
and choosy in fear of missing out (FOMO).<ref>https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6a4f/4e27a55178bd1d9bd58744d474d0840ebe75.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563202000146</ref>
The result is a low birth rate, few coddled children who are prepared for late marriage and higher education,<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#The_percent_of_high_school_students_who_date_is_plummeting</ref> and women save themselves up for the ideal mate.
Similar points about centralization, economic stagnation and resulting competitiveness as causes of inceldom, late or no marriage and low birth rates have been raised by journalist Walter M. Gallichan in his 1915 book [[The Great Unmarried]]. Gallichan also lamented a negativity about marriage as well as declining relationship between the sexes expressing as misandry and misogyny. Significantly later marriages have been observed in economic crises in mid 17th century England where women saved up their virginity to attract high-earning men.<ref>https://journals.openedition.org/chs/737#bodyftn16</ref> Lower income makes men unattractive to women, especially when it is lower than women's (see [[hypergamy]]), and the increasing rate of millennials living with their parents makes signaling of status and independence and hence dating possibly harder for men.
</li><li>
'''Pessimism''': A poor economic outlook and ecological crises like pollution, global warming and overpopulation make people less willing to have offspring, hence reluctant to date.
</li><li>
'''Decline of tradition & religion''': The decline of tradition and gender roles (driven by a push towards higher female workforce participation) and hypergamy may also decrease marriage rates and thereby increase sexlessness. This is accompanied by a decline in communities, with loneliness rates skyrocketing among millennials (see [[demographics]]), changing the dating landscape to one that does not cater to shy men interested in long-term relationships, i.e. with slow [[life history]].
</li><li>
'''Corruption of the natural role of women''': The evolutionary unusual role of women often occupying higher status than men may be confusing to men who are naturally sensitive about these roles and thus become reclusive.<ref name="ref177">https://youtube.com/watch?v=qduN3z9yfCI?t=1028 Dutton—Explaining the Rise of the Incel</ref> In fact, women have always depended on men's resources and they did most of the cooking, also men's and women's lives used to be much more segregated.<ref name="ref114"></ref>
</li><li>
'''[[SMV]] overestimation and status uncertainty''': Economic uncertainty, "coddled" millennials and the lack of strict hierarchies, as well as the narcissistic notion that every child needs to be highly successful, caused by a low birth rate, liberalism, greater competitiveness and more social comparisons through social networks and globalization as discussed above, may result in both men and women to have [[standardcel|too high standards]]. Women's standards might be especially high due to the immense sexual attention they receive in social media and online dating, forming a positive-feedback loop with men becoming even more frustrated and promiscuous.<ref name="ref169"></ref>
</li><li>
'''Fear of intimacy & social judgement''': The feeling of being observed by social media has been suggested to explain some of the reluctance to date and a rising fear of intimacy.<ref>https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-5696417/Virgin-numbers-rise-UK-fear-intimacy.html</ref>
</li><li>
'''Neuroatypicality''': Neurotypicality may be very critical, as e.g. high functioning autists seem to be often incels.<ref name="ref171"></ref> Autism rates may have increased.{{citation needed}}
</li><li>
'''Nice guys and weak men''': Male feminists and men who have excessively been shamed to be [[nice guy|nice]] are thought to have a poor chance of seducing a woman provided that most women appear to prefer dominant men.<ref name="ref172"></ref> Blackpillers respond to the [[redpill|redpill-y]] advice to simply be more dominant that this is impossible without real status or reinstating [[female subordination|subordination of women]] because dominance and confidence are hard to fake and one risks ridicule. Sneaky and nice guys may also contribute to spoiling the women, inflating their self-worth and thus adopting higher standards, e.g. with regards to how expensive the courtship display should be.
</li><li>
'''[[mismatchcel|Evolutionary mismatch]]''': A ''mismatch'' has been suggested between the modern environment and human's natural environment, leading to deteriorating social functioning. In particular, people may have an expectation to be married rather than making their own choices as arranged marriage was a very common occurrence in human's past, affecting around 70% of marriages in a large sample of contemporary foraging societies<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1474704919887706</ref><ref>http://dieoff.com/_Biology/BeautyAndTheBeast.pdf 3.3.3. Does female choice drive male dominance competition?</ref> and arranged marriage were also prevalent in Medieval Europe.<ref>http://www.dfwx.com/medieval_cult.html</ref> As people less likely own land and are more replaceable and have less responsibility, there is a decreased need for arranging marriages the as concepts like lineage and inheritance lose their meaning (in addition to liberalism, an overemphasis on personal freedom, destroying such institutions). See also [[mismatchcel]].
</li><li>
'''Developmental insults, [[Mutation|mutants]] & social epistasis amplification''': Increased mutational load mainly due to milder living conditions and modern medicine drastically reducing infant mortality,<ref>https://doi.org/10.1007/s40806-017-0084-x</ref> as well as pollution (e.g. xenoestrogens), and/or changes in diet may have lead to a decline of masculine features, such as robust [[mandible]], [[compact midface]],<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Men_with_dominant.2C_aggressive_faces_.28high_fWHR.29_are_preferred_for_short_term_relationships</ref> and also reduced testosterone levels and hence reduced muscle mass, but also to a higher incident rate of all kinds of diseases (obesity, underweight) and mental conditions, e.g. autism. Likewise, sperm count has reduced as much as 50% in the past decades. Such changes should predict that more men now fall below what is objectively deemed as lowest bar for physical attractiveness by most women, and also more men fail to intimidate any other men in dominance contests, leading to increased incel rates. Others have proposed a feedback loop of mutants disrupting society and the thereby degraded society disrupting mutant's and other peoples' social lives, including sex lives (social epistasis amplification).<ref name="ref177"></ref><ref>https://www.amazon.com/Modernity-Cultural-Decline-Biobehavioral-Perspective/dp/3030329836</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mn7VCTexGiU The social-epistasis amplification model in mice and men</ref>
</li><li>
'''Lack of dating opportunities''': Some incels appear to lack opportunities to even meet individuals of the opposite sex<ref name="ref184">https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Menelaos_Apostolou/publication/326904341_Why_Men_Stay_Single_Evidence_from_Reddit/links/5b757c9992851ca6506486fe/Why-Men-Stay-Single-Evidence-from-Reddit.pdf</ref> which may a wide variety of reasons from unmaintained communities to aging populations.
</li></ul>
===Other themes===
<ul>
<li>
'''Social atrophy''': Blackpillers believe that due to gynocentrism, many incels have missed formative social and sexual experiences during adolescence, and won't be able to catch up on them later ([[it's over]]).
Women are believed to have more of opportunities to do so.
In an informal poll, 94.9% of [[incels.co]] users said they've missed developmental milestones.<ref>https://incels.co/threads/survey-results-for-october-2019.147774/#lg=_xfUid-1-1573388849&slide=0</ref> The [[Donnelly Study]] and other studies on inceldom raised the same point.
Men who do manage to attract a partner that late, for example by a good income, are believed to only get access to used up [[roastie|leftover women]] too old and sexually experienced to be sexually attractive ([[betabux]]). It is often noted that social skills are a muscle, and like a muscle that is not used it atrophies. Excluded individuals get no feedback how to behave, so they end up behaving in weird/autistic manner.
</li><li>
'''Equal pay''': Blackpillers believe admitting women a substantial income was a huge mistake, especially in combination with current economic stagnation. In the past, women's choosiness was naturally counterbalanced by their [[Scientific Blackpill (Supplemental)#Women_were_historically_predominantly_involved_in_cooking_and_they_never_dominated_men|material dependence on men]]. Removing this dependence, renders men useless and reduces them to their looks<ref>https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-017-0963-z</ref> and "social skills" such as superficial posturing, brashness and obnoxiousness ([[clown world]]), departing from traditional masculine traits like being taciturn, quietly confident.
</li><li>
'''Matching hypothesis is mostly false''': The matching hypothesis states that people naturally prefer potential partners who are about as attractive as themselves. However, the Walster's famous computer dating study suggested otherwise, namely that only the looks of the potential partner predicts romantic interest, not how similar they are in looks.<ref>https://www.reddit.com/r/BlackPillScience/comments/8jqzp5/explaining_looksmatchism_among_the_average_most/</ref> Data from online dating suggests that men and women alike aim a bit higher than their own desirability, with few aiming excessively high.<ref>https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/advances/4/8/eaap9815.full.pdf</ref> This may imply that without enforced monogamy, both men and women will lack pressure to settle for the "art of the possible," thus people remain single. This may be evidence of [[Fisherian runaway|exaggerated preferences]] for ornament adversely affecting fitness.
</li><li>
'''Greedy parents''': Affirmative action incentivizes parents to push their female offspring into careers and to be pro-feminist. This forms a self-reinforcing vicious cycle as strengthened feminist policies only increase this incentive.
</li><li>
'''Women in power''': Blackpillers believe allowing women in politics was a huge mistake. For one thing, this is believed to fuel gendered politics which will ultimately drive the sexes apart. It is also believed that old, childless and bitter token women are occupying influential positions, causing [[Rape#Rape_hysteria|hysteria]] about social issues and pushing anti-male policies. It is also dreaded that by now the majority of social scientist, educators and social policy makes are female and hence have a genetic disregard to empathize with men's issues executing their [[feminine imperative]]. Feminization of the workplace and politics is seen to cause overemphasis on useless socializing and posturing ([[clown world]]), draconian anti-[[Rape#Harassment|harassment]] laws and limitations of freedom of expression (e.g. gossiping about or slut-shaming women). In fact, men's intrasexual competition is known to be much more [[toxic masculinity|ruthless]] in presence of women,<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1053535711000321</ref> so women's increased workplace participation has likely an effect to this extent.
</li><li>
'''Religions had it right''': Another theme is how it is implausible that the vast majority of prior cultures happened to be ''wrong'' about female sexuality as feminism claims. Blackpillers often jokingly invoke the trope that religious scripture has ''warned'' us of admitting women any power, but ''we did not listen''.
</li><li>
'''Lookist & harsh dating opportunities''': Contact to women is seen to be reduced to situations in which looks are the main thing that matters (e.g. bars and online dating<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Looks_are_most_important_to_women_in_speed_dating</ref>) especially for the many socially isolated millennials, aggravated by the fact that women more often have their own high incomes, so men cannot improve their SMV by income as much as in the past, and are hence more reduced to their physical appearance.
The more unattractive the man, the longer longer courtship is required to convince a woman,<ref name="ref183"></ref> so the trend towards brief dating opportunities where only looks matter, such as speed, online dating and bars most likely disproportionally disadvantage physically unattractive males.
This is further aggravated by increasingly harsh social rules concerning flirting and harassment. As such, men perceive to lack opportunities to even get to know women, e.g. they reported this as a main reason for their singlehood on Reddit.<ref name="ref184"></ref>
</li><li>
'''Corrupt psychotherapy and psychiatry''': Another frequent theme is that [[Cognitive behavioral therapy|psychotherapy]], counseling and [[psychiatry]] are useless and give poor advice. It is claimed they merely parrot bluepilled notions about being nice and taking a [[shower]], and are ultimately a waste of time and money. There is indeed evidence that psychotherapist do not improve by training and that the effectiveness of psychotherapy is mostly not better than placebo (which consists in self-administered self-help, or in taking ''any'' action, other than psychotherapy). There is also some evidence (drawing on large samples from the U.S and Germany) that suggests psychotherapy can actively be harmful to the patient, being associated with negative personality changes (increases in neuroticism, stress and depression) and declines in positive traits (such as self esteem and conscientiousness).<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0092656616302410</ref>
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'''Normies''': Blackpills about normies usually involve either of two opposing themes:
# Incels try hard improving their personalities, while normies often have completely unsophisticated personalities and easily get sex and social life merely because they look acceptable and are neurotypical.
# That 1. is a [[cope]] and that neurotypical, acceptable looking normies often also develop fairly interesting personalities because they get to live an interesting and fulfilled life.
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=== Conclusion ===
Each one of the central themes plays a part in deriving incel vocabulary. Looks and status being necessary for men, but unevenly distributed, gives rise to beta and alpha males, [[Virgin]] vs [[Chad]]. Chad represents women's tendency to date up (hypergamy) and to prefer dominant men. The higher sex drive and more active love style in men gives rise to [[Orbiting|beta orbiting]]. For women, [[Becky]] vs [[Stacy]] represent women's intra-sexual competition in looks.
Each one of the central themes plays a part in deriving incel vocabulary. Looks and status being necessary for men, but unevenly distributed, gives rise to beta and alpha males, [[Virgin]] vs [[Chad]]. Chad represents women's tendency to date up (hypergamy) and to prefer dominant men. The higher sex drive and more active love style in men gives rise to [[Orbiting|beta orbiting]]. For women, [[Becky]] vs [[Stacy]] represent women's intra-sexual competition in looks.


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