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Physiognomy: Difference between revisions
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[[File:512px-A bizarre physiognomical caricature with a figure pointing t Wellcome V0017234.jpg|300x300px|right]] | [[File:512px-A bizarre physiognomical caricature with a figure pointing t Wellcome V0017234.jpg|300x300px|right]] | ||
'''Physiognomy''' is the former art and now science of deducing the predominant temper and other characteristic qualities of the mind from the outward appearance, especially from the features of the face, possibly including expression and movement patterns across a brief amount of time.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304418188900024</ref> | '''Physiognomy''' is the former art and now science of deducing the predominant temper and other characteristic qualities of the mind from the outward appearance, especially from the features of the face, possibly including expression and movement patterns across a brief amount of time.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304418188900024</ref> | ||
Physiognomy has gotten out of fashion due to | Physiognomy has gotten out of fashion in mainstream scientific study due to the pseudoscientific history. However with the machine learning hype, the field has regained some recognition, e.g. machine learning was used to detect peoples individual's behavioral tendencies via facial analysis, however it remains unclear whether the software can produce above-chance results based on facial or contextual cues.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jul/07/artificial-intelligence-can-tell-your-sexuality-politics-surveillance-paul-lewis</ref> | ||
More tangible results were also found as described below, but none of them have effect sizes large enough that one could assume them to be generally and reliably noticeable. In academic terms none of them have a correlation range of R=0.40+. However, proponents of modern physiognomy argue that making decisions on the basis even a small correlation is superior than doing so based on no information, and that the chances of making a good prediction increase as certain traits stack on top of each other. | More tangible results were also found as described below, but none of them have effect sizes large enough that one could assume them to be generally and reliably noticeable. In academic terms none of them have a correlation range of R=0.40+. However, proponents of modern physiognomy argue that making decisions on the basis of even a small correlation is superior than doing so based on no information, and that the chances of making a good prediction increase as certain traits stack on top of each other. | ||
==Self-fulfilling prophesy== | ==Self-fulfilling prophesy== | ||
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* A Chinese study claimed to be able to tell whether someone is a criminal based on machine learning, but the technique turned out to detect smiling instead.<ref>https://twitter.com/davidjayharris/status/1103636069180993537</ref> | * A Chinese study claimed to be able to tell whether someone is a criminal based on machine learning, but the technique turned out to detect smiling instead.<ref>https://twitter.com/davidjayharris/status/1103636069180993537</ref> | ||
* Certain behavioral conditions may result in particular facial expressions. E.g. very intense people might bite their lips, crunch their teeth etc. Autists are often described to have an empty, monotonous facial expression. Some mental conditions result in a tilted mouth. Socially excluded individuals may develop ticks as nobody is there to correct their behavior or as a stress-induced tics. People are, in fact, able to infer other's mental conditions above chance level based on photos.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0092656618300394</ref> Autist are often recognized as less approachable and attractive within seconds.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Autists_are_judged_as_awkward.2C_less_physically_attractive_and_less_approachable_within_seconds</ref> | * Certain behavioral conditions may result in particular facial expressions. E.g. very intense people might bite their lips, crunch their teeth etc. Autists are often described to have an empty, monotonous facial expression. Some mental conditions result in a tilted mouth. Socially excluded individuals may develop ticks as nobody is there to correct their behavior or as a stress-induced tics. People are, in fact, able to infer other's mental conditions above chance level based on photos.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0092656618300394</ref> Autist are often recognized as less approachable and attractive within seconds.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Autists_are_judged_as_awkward.2C_less_physically_attractive_and_less_approachable_within_seconds</ref> | ||
The amygdala alerts in response to fear inducing, sexually arousing, and disgusting stimuli. Then a more modern area of the brain guesses as to what is causing the amygdala to be on high alert, sometimes these guesses are correct other times wrong. For example, most people are disgusted by the thought of licking someone else's feet, which is the correct response. However, some people are instead sexually aroused, an incorrect response. We have evolved to be very good guessers of these stimuli, above chance, due to natural selection. Since fear, disgust, and sexual arousal all put the amygdala on high alert, and extremely physically attractive man, covered in blood, holding a weapon (such as Patrick Bateman from the American Psycho) is extremely arousing to women, leading to [[hybristophilia]]. This technically is also true for men's attraction as well however women are not nearly as violently fear inducing, or morally disgusting, lessening the impact of hybrostiphilal arousal in men. | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||