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Revision as of 14:26, 12 December 2019
, 12 December 2019→Women cry four times as much as men and never outgrow teenage crying behavior
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A study of 97 Dutch female psychology students, who also kept a mood and crying diary throughout two full menstrual cycles (~2 months), obtained findings nearly identical to the Frey's sample (Bylsma et al., 2011). They found an average of 10.3 crying episodes, with a range of 1–53, so about 5.15 episodes per month. | A study of 97 Dutch female psychology students, who also kept a mood and crying diary throughout two full menstrual cycles (~2 months), obtained findings nearly identical to the Frey's sample (Bylsma et al., 2011). They found an average of 10.3 crying episodes, with a range of 1–53, so about 5.15 episodes per month. | ||
Another Dutch study of adolescents found 11 to 12 year old girls to cry around 4.2 times per month, which is comparable to crying rates of adult women. This suggests that women arrest in their emotional development in their early teens. | Another Dutch study by Van Tilburg (2002) of adolescents found 11 to 12 year old girls to cry around 4.2 times per month, which is comparable to crying rates of adult women. This suggests that women arrest in their emotional development in their early teens. | ||
Sex differences in adult crying are cross culturally robust. Hemert, Vingerhoets and colleges (2011) interviewed 5000 people (predominantly students) from 37 countries about their emotional reactions. He discovered that women cries between 30 and 64 times a year, while men cry between 6 and 17 times, so a sex ratio of 3.5 to 5. Cultural differences were consistently smaller than sex difference, and the difference is cross-culturally large (d = 1.0), with only Nepal, Nigeria not showing significant differences, which may be attributable to small sample sizes. The gender differences in adult crying also persisted despite changing gender role expectations between 1981 and 1996. Female neuroticism is also strongly influenced by gender-specific hormones, so the difference is mostly of biological origin (Lombardo, 2001). | Sex differences in adult crying are cross culturally robust. Hemert, Vingerhoets and colleges (2011) interviewed 5000 people (predominantly students) from 37 countries about their emotional reactions. He discovered that women cries between 30 and 64 times a year, while men cry between 6 and 17 times, so a sex ratio of 3.5 to 5. Cultural differences were consistently smaller than sex difference, and the difference is cross-culturally large (d = 1.0), with only Nepal, Nigeria not showing significant differences, which may be attributable to small sample sizes. The gender differences in adult crying also persisted despite changing gender role expectations between 1981 and 1996. Female neuroticism is also strongly influenced by gender-specific hormones, so the difference is mostly of biological origin (Lombardo, 2001). | ||
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span> | <span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span> | ||
* Frey WH. 1983. ''Crying behavior in the human adult.'' Integrative Psychiatry. [[https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=17905702749079121817&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5&sciodt=0,5 Abstract]] [[https://www.primalinstitute.com/stories.html Excerpts]] | * Frey WH. 1983. ''Crying behavior in the human adult.'' Integrative Psychiatry. [[https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=17905702749079121817&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5&sciodt=0,5 Abstract]] [[https://www.primalinstitute.com/stories.html Excerpts]] | ||
* Kraemer DL, Hastrup JL. ''Crying in natural settings: global estimates, self-monitored frequencies, depression and sex differences in an undergraduate population.'' [[http://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(86)90199-3 Abstract]] | * Kraemer DL, Hastrup JL. ''Crying in natural settings: global estimates, self-monitored frequencies, depression and sex differences in an undergraduate population.'' [[http://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(86)90199-3 Abstract]] | ||
* Kraemer A. 2013. ''It's Always Personal: Navigating Emotion in the New Workplace.'' Paperback [[https://www.amazon.com/dp/0812979931/ Book]] [[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703922804576300903183512350 News]] | * Kraemer A. 2013. ''It's Always Personal: Navigating Emotion in the New Workplace.'' Paperback [[https://www.amazon.com/dp/0812979931/ Book]] [[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703922804576300903183512350 News]] | ||
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* Lutz T. 2001. ''Crying: A Natural and Cultural History of Tears.'' [[https://www.amazon.com/dp/0393321037 Book]] | * Lutz T. 2001. ''Crying: A Natural and Cultural History of Tears.'' [[https://www.amazon.com/dp/0393321037 Book]] | ||
* Kraemer DL, Hastrup JL. 1986. Crying in natural settings: Global estimates, self-monitored frequencies, depression and sex differences in an undergraduate population. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 24(3):371-3. | * Kraemer DL, Hastrup JL. 1986. Crying in natural settings: Global estimates, self-monitored frequencies, depression and sex differences in an undergraduate population. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 24(3):371-3. | ||
* * Van Tilburg MA, Unterberg ML, Vingerhoets AJ. ''Crying during adolescence: The role of gender, menarche, and empathy.'' British Journal of Developmental Psychology. 2002 Mar;20(1):77-87. [[https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/473666/crying.pdf FullText]] | |||
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="People_show_resilience_in_response_to_abuse_and_adversity_in_the_majority_of_cases">People show resilience in response to abuse and adversity in the majority of cases</span>=== | ===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="People_show_resilience_in_response_to_abuse_and_adversity_in_the_majority_of_cases">People show resilience in response to abuse and adversity in the majority of cases</span>=== | ||