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Facial Aesthetics: Concepts and Clinical Diagnosis (book): Difference between revisions
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Facial Aesthetics: Concepts and Clinical Diagnosis (book) (edit)
Revision as of 04:47, 20 October 2018
, 20 October 2018interlinking bot
(Created page with "=Part II: Clinical Diagnosis= ==Section I== ===Chapter 7: Cephalometry and Cephalometric Analysis=== Natural Head Position foreword here ====Hard tissue lateral cephalometri...") |
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*Intergonial (bigonial) plane | *Intergonial (bigonial) plane | ||
*Inter mental foramen plane | *Inter mental foramen plane | ||
*Inferior chin plane | *Inferior [[chin]] plane | ||
====Linear cephalometric measurements and normative values==== | ====Linear cephalometric measurements and normative values==== | ||
*Anterior facial height | *Anterior facial height | ||
*Midface height (N-ANS) | *Midface [[height]] (N-ANS) | ||
*Midface height (N perpendicular to maxillary plane) | *Midface [[height]] (N perpendicular to maxillary plane) | ||
*Lower face height (ANS-Me) | *Lower face [[height]] (ANS-Me) | ||
*Lower face height (Me perpendicular to maxillary plane) | *Lower face [[height]] (Me perpendicular to maxillary plane) | ||
*Sella-point A | *Sella-point A | ||
*Sella-gnathion (S-Gn) | *Sella-gnathion (S-Gn) | ||
*Sella-PNS | *Sella-PNS | ||
*Posterior facial height (S-Go) | *Posterior facial [[height]] (S-Go) | ||
*Lower posterior facial height (Ar-Go) | *Lower posterior facial [[height]] (Ar-Go) | ||
====Angular cephalometric measurements and normative values==== | ====Angular cephalometric measurements and normative values==== | ||
| Line 399: | Line 399: | ||
***Inferiorly: just above the inferior border of the mandible | ***Inferiorly: just above the inferior border of the mandible | ||
***Laterally: just anterior to the preauricular crease | ***Laterally: just anterior to the preauricular crease | ||
***Medially: middle and lower third of the lateral border of the nose and nasolabial fold | ***Medially: middle and [[lower third]] of the lateral border of the nose and nasolabial fold | ||
*Midfacial curvilinear relationship | *Midfacial curvilinear relationship | ||
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====Maxillary deficiency==== | ====Maxillary deficiency==== | ||
Maxillary deficiency means that the maxilla is either positioned too far posteriorly or superiorly and is too narrow (which is termed specifically, maxillary hypoplasia). Deficiencies may only be the maxilla and lower midface but can involve the upper midface. If there is higher maxillary and upper midface deficiency, there may be flatness of the malar region, infraorbital rims, subpupil-mid cheek region and paranasal region. | Maxillary deficiency means that the [[maxilla]] is either positioned too far posteriorly or superiorly and is too narrow (which is termed specifically, maxillary hypoplasia). Deficiencies may only be the [[maxilla]] and lower midface but can involve the upper midface. If there is higher maxillary and upper midface deficiency, there may be flatness of the malar region, infraorbital rims, subpupil-mid cheek region and paranasal region. | ||
'''Saggital maxillary deficiency''' | '''Saggital maxillary deficiency''' | ||
| Line 423: | Line 423: | ||
*Retrusive appearane of the upper lip | *Retrusive appearane of the upper lip | ||
*Prognathic appearance of the maxillary due to the retrognathic nature of the maxilla | *Prognathic appearance of the maxillary due to the retrognathic nature of the maxilla | ||
*with concomitant vertical maxillary deficiency (hereon, VMD) leading upward and forward mandibular rotation and increased chin prominence insomuch as to cause over-closure of the lips which causes them to curl together and outwardly. | *with concomitant vertical maxillary deficiency (hereon, VMD) leading upward and forward mandibular rotation and increased [[chin]] prominence insomuch as to cause over-closure of the [[lips]] which causes them to curl together and outwardly. | ||
*Reduced or negative facial contour angle (concave midfacial appearance) | *Reduced or negative facial contour angle (concave midfacial appearance) | ||
*Increased nasolabial angle (lower component) due to the posterior inclination of the upper lip, though the upper component may be negative, as the nasal tip is often hanging | *Increased nasolabial angle (lower component) due to the posterior inclination of the upper lip, though the upper component may be negative, as the nasal tip is often hanging | ||
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===Chapter 20: The Chin=== | ===Chapter 20: The Chin=== | ||
====Chin excess and deficiency==== | ====Chin excess and deficiency==== | ||
*Primary progenia (primary sagittal chin excess): | *Primary progenia (primary sagittal [[chin]] excess): | ||
**Horizontal osseous macrogenia | **Horizontal osseous macrogenia | ||
**Increased thickness of the chin pad | **Increased thickness of the [[chin]] pad | ||
**Combination of above | **Combination of above | ||
| Line 625: | Line 625: | ||
Dental arch form | Dental arch form | ||
*Zone of soft tissue equilibrium: the position of stability of tongue, lips and cheek musculature. | *Zone of soft tissue equilibrium: the position of stability of tongue, [[lips]] and cheek musculature. | ||
Orthodontist Allan G Brodie described the relationship between orofacial musculature and tooth position, it was vertified by Weinstein et al., who concluded that "teeth are maintained in a state of equilibrium between the perioral soft tissue forces" | Orthodontist Allan G Brodie described the relationship between orofacial musculature and tooth position, it was vertified by Weinstein et al., who concluded that "teeth are maintained in a state of equilibrium between the perioral soft tissue forces" | ||