Homosexuality: Difference between revisions

Lesbianism is, however, also not universally accepted, possibly due to the high prevalence of social norms aimed at constraining overall female sexuality (see the [[slut]] article).

Lesbians are a bit more often [[feminism|feminist]]s than heterosexuals.<ref>Worthen, M. G. F. (2018). “All the Gays Are Liberal?” Sexuality and Gender Gaps in Political Perspectives among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Mostly Heterosexual, and Heterosexual College Students in the Southern USA. Sexuality Research and Social Policy. doi:10.1007/s13178-018-0365-6</ref>

== Prevalence and legitimacy ==

Ford and Beach (1951) found that some forms of homoerotic behavior were accepted in 64% of the 76 cultures studied.<ref name="ref5"></ref> However, while bisexuality was very common in human history, men exclusively pursuing other men has probably always been weird due to how rare it was and still is. Even today, despite high levels of gay acceptance,<ref>Only 22% of U.S. population opposes homosexuality http://www.gallup.com/poll/163697/approve-marriage-blacks-whites.aspx</ref>

only less than 2% of men identify as exclusively homosexual,<ref name="wikidemo">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_sexual_orientation</ref>

In much of Oceania, the Middle East, the Caribbean, Africa, and parts of Asia, homosexuality remains illegal and severely punishable, with some countries having a death penalty for it.<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1529100616637616</ref><ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/05/12/gambias-president-threatens-to-slit-the-throats-of-gay-men/</ref>

In many countries, including Western countries, 'treatments' for homosexuality have been devised which have proven 'effective',<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/003329410209000316.2</ref> which isn't surprising since nearly all men with androphilia have gynephilia anyhow.

== Evolution of male androphilia ==

Since homosexual acts cannot produce offspring, one would expect attraction to other men (androphilia) to be non-adaptive or even [[maladaptiveness|maladaptive]], because, from the point of view of the genes, homosexual men waste time and resources on activities that do not raise directly their [[reproductive success]].

This holds primarily true for ''exclusive'' homosexuality (and less for bi-sexuality).

One can broadly distinguish ''slow'' and ''fast'' [[life history]] (LH) adaptations involving male androphilia, where fast LH means low investment in the offspring (a result of r-selection) and slow LH means high investment (a result of K-selection). Fast LH adaptations tend to be more violent, primitive, feral, accompanied by earlier maturation, lower cultural and social sophistication, higher [[sex drive]] and more [[promiscuity]].

Fast and slow LH adpatations involving male androphilia are not mutually exclusive, though fast LH adaptations are more ancient. None of these adaptations for male androphilia are necessarily context-dependent, so today they can be executed outside of that context, so homosexual love may not necessarily feel similar to the context in which it evolved at all.

=== Fast life history adaptations ===

A fast-life history adaptation resulting in male androphilia may be the [[sneaker male]] hypothesis, which states that homosexuality allows to sneakily approach females by pretending to show no sexual interest, evading [[intrasexual competition]] and larger males, to then potentially even engage in [[mate poaching]]. Evidence for this to be a viable [[reproductive strategy]] is that women report to find gay males more trustworthy than other males.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0191886921001021</ref> This is a fast life history adaptation because human bonds not negotiated withing a larger social context and marriage are unlikely to be stable and allow for long-term investment into the offspring.

Each of these aspects are detailed below:

<ul><li>

'''Dominance''': In many species, including humans, the greater [[Bateman's principle|parental investment]] on part of females causes males to engage in contest competitions over reproductive opportunities.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Men.27s_social_status_accounts_for_62.25_of_the_variance_of_copulation_opportunities</ref><ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Among_male_university_students.2C_only_cues_of_physical_dominance_over_other_men_predicted_their_mating_success</ref>

Indeed, historically, penetration of another man (sodomy) was, arguably, the ultimate act of male-male domination, especially in honor-shame cultures. Exhibitionism and phallus symbolism may also be born from such display of dominance.<ref name="eibl1990" /> Women's [[libido|lower sex drive]], as a result of their greater parental investment, also [[sex drive|dooms men to be horny]], which facilitates men getting sexual pleasure from one another as an outlet of sexual frustration. However, dominance behavior is unlikely to explain all male homosexual behavior as it also comes in other forms besides excessive anonymous promiscuity.

</li><li>

</li><li>

'''Gossip''': In both of these homosexual reproductive strategies, the penetree is associated with low status, so men can use accusations of gayness as means of [[intrasexual competition]].

even though today public male intimacy is uncommon in the West (see [[#Gay_acceptance_and_homosocial_intimacy|gay acceptance and homosocial intimacy]]). Only a dominant man can afford to hold hands with other men in public. A low status man vulnerable to gossip would need to claim the status of a protected class and rely on shaming to survive socially.

</li></ul>

Below are historical examples of the prevalence of the dichotomy of dominant vs submissive homosexuality:

<ul><li>

'''Ancient Rome''': In Ancient Rome, gay sex was socially permissible among high status men who penetrated other men (the emperor Nero, for example, had a ''catamite'' which is a receptive homosexual slave, whom he had castrated),<ref>https://culturacolectiva.com/history/sporus-emperor-nero-eunuch-wife</ref> but receptive homosexuals were deemed outlaws (infamia).<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality_in_ancient_Rome</ref> The Christian religion seemingly broke with Roman precedent by utterly condemning both forms of homosexuality, though Paul's condemnation of the act has been argued to reflect contemporary Roman ideas of the passive role being particularly shameful, as it places the receptive homosexual in the role of a woman.<ref>https://www.patheos.com/blogs/religionprof/2010/04/homosexuality-as-divine-punishment-in-romans-1.html</ref>

'''Prison rape''': This type of thinking persists in modern modern times, for instance, homosexual rape (or the threat of it) is commonly used to emasculate rivals in prison (in addition to satisfaction of sexual frustration).<ref>Hensley, Christopher; Tewksbury, Richard (2002). "Inmate-to-Inmate Prison Sexuality : A Review of Empirical Studies". Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 3 (3): 226–243. doi:10.1177/15248380020033005</ref> Many such rapists do not view the act of raping another man as homosexuality, but as a forceful demonstration of masculinity.<ref>https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=7093&context=jclc</ref> Authoritarian regimes have also made use of homosexual acts to torture and control dissidents, for example the inmates of prison camps in Pinochet era Chile were frequently sodomized by guards to break their will to resist.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_violations_in_Pinochet%27s_Chile#Sexual_abuse</ref> Rape of male prisoners is still common in modern conflicts, for instance in the Civil War in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/society/2011/jul/17/the-rape-of-men</ref> and the Bosnian civil war that occurred after the dissolution of Yugoslavia.<ref>https://balkaninsight.com/2017/05/18/male-victims-of-war-related-sexual-abuse-shunned-in-bosnia-05-18-2017-1/</ref><ref>Ristroph, Alice. "Prison, Detention, and Correctional Institutions." Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender. Ed. Fedwa Malti-Douglas. Vol. 3. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2007. 1196-1199. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 7 Oct. 2016.</ref> The Congolese men who were raped often reported being abandoned by their wives, who apparently coldly asserted that they were weak and therefore couldn't protect her. Many of the men who were raped in the former Yugoslavia claimed they were seen as outcasts in their own villages after the rapes.

</li><li>

</li><li>

'''More cross-cultural findings''': The active-passive contrast in homosexuality was also prevalent in medieval Scandinavia and contemporary Latin America.<ref>http://www.williamapercy.com/wiki/images/Active.pdf</ref> Pederasty, which is also an instance of homosexual power differentials, has flourished in many lower cultures, e.g. Indians of North America,<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/berdache</ref> but also in a number of high cultures, including ancient Greece, medieval Islam (especially among Sufis), Japan (among the Samurai nobility), and Korea.<ref>http://www.williamapercy.com/wiki/images/Pederasty.pdf</ref>

</li><li>

Today, most Western homosexuals identify as versatile (around 40%), meaning they have no particular preference for the role of the penetrator or the penetree.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120125003836/http://www.straightacting.com/phpbb3/viewtopic.php?p=222697</ref><ref name="ref41">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-017-0980-y</ref> This means contemporary homosexuals do not exhibit a dichotomy in penetrative or dominance behavior. This may be regarded as counter-evidence for the dominant/submissive dichotomy hypothesis.

However, modern (exclusive) homosexual identity is likely only a political fad,<ref name="fluidref"></ref> attracting people to act out their sexual fantasies rather than adaptations in the context they evolved in.

</li></ul>

=== Slow life history adaptations ===

A large share of male homosexuals exhibits quite the opposite to fast [[life history]] traits, namely slow maturation and feminine traits. In fact, as an overall group, homosexuals tend to be feminized compared to the overall population. Harry (1982) found that 42 percent of his gay respondents were 'sissies' during childhood compared to only 11% in his heterosexual sample.<ref name="harry1982"></ref> Saghir and Robins (1973, 18) found that about one-third of their gay respondents deviated from gender norms, while only 3 percent of their heterosexual sample.<ref>Saghir and Robins (1973, 18)</ref>

The phenomenon of feminized homosexuals can either be explained by toxins causing a [[feminization]] causing a feminine phenotype overall (including androphilia). Alternatively, adaptations for androphilia (to the extent it is adaptive at all) may developmentally necessitate an overall more feminine phenotype. An alternative explanation is that K-selection has acted on males and homosexuality, for example by the following mechanisms:

*'''Self-domestication''': It has been suggested in recent human history, human males have been substantially selected to be nice to one another (domestication), with homosociality being one instance thereof and in which homosexuality serves as a means of bonding via intimacy.<ref>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02955/full</ref> This largely overlaps with the notion of alliances in Muscarella's theory, however here the access to resources (which are harder to secure in harsh/slow ecologies) exerts K-selection more immediately and may involve some male [[whore|pandering]] compared to just domestication.

=== Other adaptations or causes ===

*'''Feminization advantage for female relatives''': Homosexuals presumably being more feminine may confer an increased fecundity in the females related to the homosexual (feminine) genes from (related to selection-mutation balance).

*'''Selection-mutation balance''': [[Mutation]]s occur naturally. Hence some number of males are expected to express androphilia, but sexual selection will rule out mutations over time as best as it can, but it cannot be ruled entirely as mutations are unpredictable and some amount of mutation is useful to adapt to environmental changes and outcompete other species, hence a balance between mutation and selection is maintained.

*'''Developmental disturbances''': Related to the previous point, homosexuality may be caused by environmental disturbances, which may act in the same or similar ways as genetic mutations, causing some males to express androphilia.<ref>https://psychology.wikia.org/wiki/Pathogenic_theory_of_homosexuality</ref> See also [[feminization]].

== Homophobia and homohysteria ==

Negative emotions toward gays have been termed ''homophobia'' by social scientists, sneakily characterizing them as an anxiety disorder and irrational fear (a ''phobia''). Similarly, the fear of being regarded as gay or socially excluded for being gay has been termed ''homohysteria'', again characterizing it as an irrational anxiety, a ''hysteria'', even though it may be warranted under certain circumstances. After all, losing one's reputation of being able to compete for women is cross-culturally cosidered detrimental for men.<ref>https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=senior_comm</ref>

A variety of not necessarily contradictory evolutionary hypotheses for these emotions have been proposed as summarized below. Again, one can distinguish slow and fast life history adaptations, e.g. ruthless male competition as a fast life history adaptation in contrast to adaptations regulating cooperation effectiveness as a slow life history adaptation.

=== Ineffective male coalitions ===

One hypothesis is that gays are avoided and excluded because they are seen as ineffective coalition partners when competing for women.<ref>https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2017-53145-010</ref> However historical male warrior societies like Sparta (mannerbund concept being typically correlated with homosexuality, see also the Stumabteilung (SA) in Nazi Germany, which was riddled with homosexuality, including the leader of the SA, Ernst Röhm, before the leadership was purged during the Night of the Long Knives) and Thebes (the legendary Theban band, made up solely of male homosexual couples) seem to seem to challenge the theory that homophobia results from poorer male group cohesion.

An alternate hypothesis claims that homophobia is not mediated by homosexual men being poorer coalition partners, but is instead caused by friction between men who seek to forge coalitions based on competence and accrual of resources vs men who forge alliances based on intimate homosexual relationships.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124201903000302</ref>

=== Gossip and competition ===

Much of homophobia may be born from male intrasexual competition in accusations of gayness. Homosexuality may be banned in so many cultures as it taps into these evolved mechanism of competition, so it feels natural to [[bully]], punish and exclude males who cannot get sexuality in the natural way, that is by competing for reproductive opportunities with other men. However, in many traditional cultures more importance is attached to the sexual role a man takes than to the sex of his partners. Most 'homophobic' stigma is directed toward 'effeminates' (passive males), while active homosexuals are received with indifference or even congratulated on their dominance and sexual success. In cultures with moral systems that sanction all sexual relations between men, there is still some difference in the way they are received: passive homosexuality is seen as a shameful degradation of the self, active homosexuality a form of violence against others. This shame/violence matrix explains why the Ancient Greeks preferred non-penetrative forms of homosexual copulation between free males. It was considered poor form for an erastes to subject his eromenos to sodomy: an act of violence in a loving relationship meant to engender virtue.

=== Inceldom and homophobia ===

Many male incels lack heterosexual experience as well as the ability to impress women or intimidate other men and they occupy low social status. As a result, male incels may be vulnerable being accused of gayness, especially now that it is socially accepted to identify as homosexual.

For this reason, male incels may feel ''unease'' with male intimacy and physical closeness with other males, and they may even express strong anti-gay views, both in order to avoid risking a reputation of being homosexual.

On the other hand, men who have already proven their competitive ability to court a woman, may feel more relaxed around other men, including homosexuals, especially since this can even act as a costly signal.

Researchers at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, have indeed revealed that [[feminization|femininized]] men often adopt homophobia as a means of establishing their heterosexuality in a culture in which distinguishing oneself as a man has been complicated by gender-egalitarian norms.<ref>https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-01/udg-tfo012219.php</ref>

===Repressed homosexuality===

A common feminist claim is that male homophobes often have repressed homosexual impulses, which seems to have been indicated by phallometry suggesting a surprising amount of men may really do have slight or even strong androphilia.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent_homosexuality#Links_to_homophobia</ref>

This may be related to the finding mentioned in the previous section that femininized (in this case homosexual) men adopt homophobia as a means of establishing their heterosexuality.

===Gay acceptance and homosociality===

Paradoxically, there is evidence that male homosocial intimacy, the intimacy between heterosexual males, has declined with the acceptance of homosexuals. For example it used to be not uncommon for heterosexual men to exchange love letters:

{{quote|You know my desire to befriend you is everlasting, that I will never cease, while I know how to do any thing.|Lincoln to his friend Joshua Speed}}

{{quote|I wish, my Dear Laurens, it m[ight] be in my power, by action rather than words, [to] convince you that I love you.|Hamilton to John Laurens}}

Further, heterosexual men in Western countries used to hold hands, and boys used to cuddle more often.<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1097184X17730386</ref>

John Ibson documented this change with hundreds of photos taken throughout the past century.<ref>https://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo3771153.html</ref>

Explanations include that the expectation that men can be gay increases the fear that other men could be gay and thus male intimacy could lead to a greater risk of being regarded as gay (male [[intrasexual competition]]). Also decreasing gender segregation may have increased male intrasexual competition.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1053535711000321</ref> Further, in order to evade gossip, homosocial closeness may require a high degree of heterosexual confidence that modern men may possess at decreasing rate.

==Statistics==

Even though kids raised by homosexuals do not fare much worse,<ref>https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2019-53364-001</ref> which may be evidence of [[antifragility|resilience]], one can observe highly unstable, promiscuous lifestyles among homosexuals. However, not all homosexuals are as extreme,<ref name="dgstats"></ref> and those who raise children may also have less extreme lifestyles.

'''Promiscuity'''

* In the U.S., male homosexuals had on average 56.9 partners, but male heterosexuals only 16.7 (General Social Survey).<ref>https://archive.is/https://anepigone.blogspot.com/2017/11/mean-gay-sex.html</ref>

* In Australia, 25% of homosexuals have had more than 100 sex partners and another 10% had so many they had “no idea”.<ref name="takimag">https://archive.is/http://takimag.com/article/the_straight_dope_on_homosexuality_elizabeth_mccaw/print</ref><ref name="gaycensus">https://archive.is/http://www.samesame.com.au/features/4407/Gay-Census-Lets-Talk-About-Sex.htm</ref>

* In an Australian national phone survey, 10-15% homosexuals reported >1000 sexual partners.<ref>Christopher P. Scheitle, Lisa F. Platt. (2020) ''Sexual identity and confidence in medicine: an analysis of national survey data.'' Culture, Health & Sexuality 22:5, pages 568-584. [[https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499709551903 Abstract]] [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Susan-Kippax/publication/247525210_A_comparative_demographic_and_sexual_profile_of_older_homosexually_active_men/links/5604c07f08aea25fce31ed75/A-comparative-demographic-and-sexual-profile-of-older-homosexually-active-men.pdf FullText]]</ref>

* 43% of gay men have over 500 partners.<ref name="bellhomo"></ref><ref name="advindicate">https://archive.is/http://advindicate.com/articles/3022</ref>

* For comparison, among straight men, only 25% have had sex with more than 10 women.<ref name="advindicate"></ref>

* The average gay man has several dozen sex partners per year.<ref name="advindicate"></ref>

* Gay single men see around 14 times as many partners per year via online dating compared to straight single men (0.2 partners per year vs 2.8).<ref>Rosenfeld, M. (2018). Are Tinder and Dating Apps Changing Dating and Mating in the USA? Families and Technology, 103–117. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95540-7_6 </ref>  

'''Non-monogamy'''

* Married homosexual men are 50% more likely than straight couples to divorce.<ref name="takimag"></ref><ref>http://www.uni-koeln.de/wiso-fak/fisoz/conference/papers/p_andersson.pdf</ref>

* In the Netherlands, the average homosexual in a “steady relationship” has seven to eight affairs per year.<ref name="takimag"></ref>

* 83% of gay men had had frequent homosexual contacts outside their “steady” relationship in the past year.<ref name="advindicate"></ref>

* 75% of straight men an are faithful, compared to just 4.5% of gay men.<ref name="advindicate"></ref>

'''STDs'''

* Infection rates for gonorrhea and chlamydia are increasing among active homosexual men.<ref name="ref97">http://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2015/12/the_gay_agenda_and_the_real_world.html</ref>

* Syphilis was almost eradicated, but made a comeback among homosexual men.<ref name="ref97"></ref>

* Gay men are 15 times more likely to have Hepatitis B than everyone else.<ref name="takimag"></ref>

* Active homosexual men are 17 times more likely than straight people to have anal cancer.<ref name="ref97"></ref>

* One in eight gay men in London has HIV.<ref>http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2014/11/18/13-of-gay-and-bisexual-men-in-london-living-with-hiv/</ref>

* In 2010, homosexuals were about 200 times more likely than everyone else to be diagnosed with HIV.<ref name="takimag"></ref>

* Among 13 to 24 year olds, homosexuals constitute 91.8% of HIV diagnoses.<ref>http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/statistics_surveillance_Adolescents.pdf</ref>

* 86% of HIV infections occur within committed (not casual) homosexual relationships.<ref>http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.733.710&rep=rep1&type=pdf</ref>

'''Fluidity'''

* 99.8% of lesbian, gay and bisexual teens will change their sexual orientation within 13 years.<ref name="fluid"></ref>

* Identifying as lesbian, gay or bisexual does not end sexual questioning or confusion.<ref name="ref73">http://psycnet.apa.org/books/11261/004</ref>

* Two thirds of self-identified lesbians later have heterosexual relationships.<ref name="ref73"></ref>

'''Violence'''

* Lesbians are twice as likely as straight women to be stalked or physically abused by their partners.<ref name="takimag"></ref>

* Homosexual men are more likely to have been abused by their partners than straight men.<ref name="takimag"></ref>

'''Health'''

* Homosexuals are more likely than straight people to have anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and to commit suicide.<ref name="takimag"></ref>

* Gay men are six times more likely to commit suicide than straight men.<ref name="ref90"></ref>

* Gay men are 10-15 times more likely than straight men to have eating disorders, are more likely to suffer from anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder and account for 63% of new syphilis cases.<ref name="takimag"></ref>

* Lesbians are twice as likely as straight women to have eating disorders.<ref name="takimag"></ref>

* Lesbians are 2.5x more likely than straight women to be obese.<ref name="takimag"></ref>

==Gaypill==

The '''gaypill''' is [[pill jargon]] for straight [[involuntarily celibate]] men who think that the only way to escape Inceldom is to become gay. In their opinion they can't get a woman, because women don't want them because they are more strict than men in regards to issues such as [[lookism]], [[racepill|race]], [[statusmaxxing|status]], [[mentalcel|mental state]] or other diseases. On the other hand they believe that men in general don't care as much about these things so much as women do, so that they have an easier chance to escape inceldom by becoming bi/gay. It is a special form of the [[blackpill]].

==See also==

==References==

<references />

[[Category:Gaycels]]

[[Category:Theories]]