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Despite the large surplus of single males, there is a phenomenon of ''unmarried Chinese women'' in their late twenties, the so called ''leftover'' women, or ''sheng nu''.<ref name="leftover">https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-21320560</ref> | Despite the large surplus of single males, there is a phenomenon of ''unmarried Chinese women'' in their late twenties, the so called ''leftover'' women, or ''sheng nu''.<ref name="leftover">https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-21320560</ref> | ||
In 2011, the ''All-China Women's Federation'' published a controversial (and later retracted) article titled ''Leftover Women Do Not Deserve Our Sympathy'' shortly after International Women's Day,<ref name="leftover"></ref> wherein it characterized these leftover women as having, what in the [[manosphere]] is called, 'hit the [[wall]]': "Pretty girls do not need a lot of education to marry into a rich and powerful family. But girls with an average or ugly appearance will find it difficult" and "These girls hope to further their education in order to increase their competitiveness. The tragedy is, they don't realise that as women age, they are worth less and less. So by the time they get their MA or PhD, they are already old — like yellowed pearls". By age 35–39, the percentage of unmarried Chinese women actually falls to 4.6%, making it the some of the highest marriage rates worldwide,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140416220058/http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/epaper/2014-02/12/content_17279212.htm</ref> so from the perspective of other cultures, the concern about unmarried women is perceived as unwarranted, however such cultural differences may be explained by genetic differences in [[life history]] speed. As many as 90% of Chinese men believe women should be married before they are 27.<ref name="leftover"></ref> | In 2011, the ''All-China Women's Federation'' published a controversial (and later retracted) article titled ''Leftover Women Do Not Deserve Our Sympathy'' shortly after International Women's Day,<ref name="leftover"></ref> wherein it characterized these leftover women as having, what in the [[manosphere]] is called, 'hit the [[wall]]': "Pretty girls do not need a lot of education to marry into a rich and powerful family. But girls with an average or ugly appearance will find it difficult" and "These girls hope to further their education in order to increase their competitiveness. The tragedy is, they don't realise that as women age, they are worth less and less. So by the time they get their MA or PhD, they are already old — like yellowed pearls". By age 35–39, the percentage of unmarried Chinese women actually falls to 4.6%, making it the some of the highest marriage rates worldwide,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140416220058/http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/epaper/2014-02/12/content_17279212.htm</ref> so from the perspective of other cultures, the concern about unmarried women is perceived as unwarranted, however such cultural differences may be explained by genetic differences in [[life history]] speed. As many as 90% of Chinese men believe women should be married before they are 27.<ref name="leftover"></ref> | ||
Similar trends of liberated and autonomous women with higher education and increased employment refusing to date down have been observed in a variety of countries,<ref>https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/10/for-chinas-educated-single-ladies-finding-love-is-often-a-struggle/246892/</ref> and have been hypothesized to be | Similar trends of liberated and autonomous women with higher education and increased employment refusing to date down have been observed in a variety of countries,<ref>https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/10/for-chinas-educated-single-ladies-finding-love-is-often-a-struggle/246892/</ref> and have been hypothesized to be evidence of an innate [[hypergamy|hypergamous]] mate preference, e.g. by public intellectual [[Jordan Peterson]] and others. | ||
As can be expected from a massively male-skewed [[sex ratio]], rampant hypergamy, [[gold-digger|gold-digging]] and self-display of Chinese women in social media have lead to a rising popularity of memes and slang in attempts of regulating such behavior, along with ''sheng nu'', e.g. ''green-tea bitch'' (referring to [[female sneakiness|sneaky]] gold-diggers who pretend to be pure and innocent),<ref>https://www.theloophk.com/canto-slang-green-tea-bitch/</ref><ref>https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=green%20tea%20bitch</ref><ref>https://www.whatsonweibo.com/dangerous-women-the-green-tea-bitch/</ref> ''sau bing'' (women who exploit the sexual frustration of their male coworkers),<ref>https://www.theloophk.com/canto-slang-101-sau-bing/</ref> the [[princess syndrome]],<ref>https://zula.sg/princess-syndrome/</ref><ref>https://myhongkonghusband.com/2016/01/11/%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%BB%E7%97%85%E5%BE%B5-princess-syndrome-characteristic/</ref> ''gong nui'' (referring to gold-digging ''Hong Kong Girls'' in particular).<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gong_nui</ref> | As can be expected from a massively male-skewed [[sex ratio]], rampant hypergamy, [[gold-digger|gold-digging]] and self-display of Chinese women in social media have lead to a rising popularity of memes and slang in attempts of regulating such behavior, along with ''sheng nu'', e.g. ''green-tea bitch'' (referring to [[female sneakiness|sneaky]] gold-diggers who pretend to be pure and innocent),<ref>https://www.theloophk.com/canto-slang-green-tea-bitch/</ref><ref>https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=green%20tea%20bitch</ref><ref>https://www.whatsonweibo.com/dangerous-women-the-green-tea-bitch/</ref> ''sau bing'' (women who exploit the sexual frustration of their male coworkers),<ref>https://www.theloophk.com/canto-slang-101-sau-bing/</ref> the [[princess syndrome]],<ref>https://zula.sg/princess-syndrome/</ref><ref>https://myhongkonghusband.com/2016/01/11/%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%BB%E7%97%85%E5%BE%B5-princess-syndrome-characteristic/</ref> ''gong nui'' (referring to gold-digging ''Hong Kong Girls'' in particular).<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gong_nui</ref> | ||