Feminization: Difference between revisions

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Corroborating these secular trends at the physiological and physical level, one can also observe feminization trends at the psychological and behavioral level. For example, there has been a heightened incidence of depression in the U.S. between 2005 and 2015, with women being generally more likely diagnosed with mood disorders (implying these are a sexually dimorphic mental disorders).<ref name="wein2017">Weinberger, A. H., Gbedemah, M., Martinez, A. M., Nash, D., Galea, S., & Goodwin, R. D. (2017). Trends in depression prevalence in the USA from 2005 to 2015: widening disparities in vulnerable groups. Psychological Medicine, 48(08), 1308–1315. doi:10.1017/s0033291717002781</ref>
Corroborating these secular trends at the physiological and physical level, one can also observe feminization trends at the psychological and behavioral level. For example, there has been a heightened incidence of depression in the U.S. between 2005 and 2015, with women being generally more likely diagnosed with mood disorders (implying these are a sexually dimorphic mental disorders).<ref name="wein2017">Weinberger, A. H., Gbedemah, M., Martinez, A. M., Nash, D., Galea, S., & Goodwin, R. D. (2017). Trends in depression prevalence in the USA from 2005 to 2015: widening disparities in vulnerable groups. Psychological Medicine, 48(08), 1308–1315. doi:10.1017/s0033291717002781</ref>
MMPI Depression (D) scale scores of male (and female) college students have significantly increased between 1938 and 2007 along with a variety of other mental disorders.<ref>https://www.thecut.com/2016/03/for-80-years-young-americans-have-been-getting-more-anxious-and-depressed.html</ref> Males also experienced a secular trend in the MMPI Masculinity/Femininity (Mf) scale toward femininty within the same time frame.<ref name="twenge2010">http://www.csun.edu/~dma/Twenge,%20Gentile,%20DeWall,%20Ma,%20Lacefield,%20&%20Schurtz%20(2010).pdf</ref>
MMPI Depression (D) scale scores of male (and female) college students have significantly increased between 1938 and 2007 along with a variety of other mental disorders.<ref>https://www.thecut.com/2016/03/for-80-years-young-americans-have-been-getting-more-anxious-and-depressed.html</ref> Males also experienced a secular trend in the MMPI Masculinity/Femininity (Mf) scale toward femininty within the same time frame.<ref name="twenge2010">http://www.csun.edu/~dma/Twenge,%20Gentile,%20DeWall,%20Ma,%20Lacefield,%20&%20Schurtz%20(2010).pdf</ref>
Furthermore, a number of studies suggest that individuals low in testosterone are less honest,<ref>https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0046774#s4</ref> less altruistic,<ref>Eisenegger, C., Naef, M., Snozzi, R., Heinrichs, M., & Fehr, E. (2010). Prejudice and truth about the effect of testosterone on human bargaining behaviour. Nature, 463(7279), 356–359. doi:10.1038/nature08711</ref> less prosocial,<ref>Germar, M., & Mojzisch, A. (2020). Basal Testosterone Renders Individuals More Receptive to Minority Positions. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 194855062094511. doi:10.1177/1948550620945116</ref> less cooperative,<ref>Van Honk, J., Montoya, E. R., Bos, P. A., van Vugt, M., & Terburg, D. (2012). New evidence on testosterone and cooperation. Nature, 485(7399), E4–E5. doi:10.1038/nature11136</ref> engaging in more group-think (less interest in minority positions),<ref>https://www.bitchute.com/video/JLXj5VcVxRhI/</ref> some of which can be identified as female traits, especially the dishonesty, group-think and perhaps gossipy non-cooperativeness (see [[female sneakiness]]), however none of these results on testosterone affecting pro-social behavior have a substantial replication record nor meta studies backing them.


Men are also widely perceived to be less masculine today compared to former earas. According to a survey of Swedish men and women, 51 percent of respondents said Swedish men were less masculine today than in previous times, and only 13 percent of men and women said today’s men were more masculine than their predecessors.<ref>https://www.thelocal.se/20090429/19144</ref>
Men are also widely perceived to be less masculine today compared to former earas. According to a survey of Swedish men and women, 51 percent of respondents said Swedish men were less masculine today than in previous times, and only 13 percent of men and women said today’s men were more masculine than their predecessors.<ref>https://www.thelocal.se/20090429/19144</ref>
A longitudinal survey of Italian adolescents between 2000 and 2017 also found men's sociosexual attitudes and behaviors to have become significantly feminized with Italian men less likely stating to stray in sexual relationships and less likely prefer younger women.<ref name="minello2020">https://genus.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41118-020-00085-4</ref>
A longitudinal survey of Italian adolescents between 2000 and 2017 also found men's sociosexual attitudes and behaviors to have become significantly feminized with Italian men less likely stating to stray in sexual relationships and less likely prefer younger women.<ref name="minello2020">https://genus.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41118-020-00085-4</ref>
Males identifying as homosexuals are on the rise as well,<ref>http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/6263-exactly-how-many-australians-are-gay-december-2014-201506020136</ref> and there is evidence of homosexual men's brains being overall feminized.<ref>https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/study-says-brains-of-gay/</ref>
Males identifying as homosexuals are on the rise as well,<ref>http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/6263-exactly-how-many-australians-are-gay-december-2014-201506020136</ref> and there is evidence of homosexual men's brains being overall feminized,<ref>https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/study-says-brains-of-gay/</ref> and homosexuals are more often described as effeminate and 'sissies' during adolescence when compared to heterosexuals (see [[homosexuality]]).
A number of studies suggest that individuals low in testosterone are less honest,<ref>https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0046774#s4</ref> less altruistic,<ref>Eisenegger, C., Naef, M., Snozzi, R., Heinrichs, M., & Fehr, E. (2010). Prejudice and truth about the effect of testosterone on human bargaining behaviour. Nature, 463(7279), 356–359. doi:10.1038/nature08711</ref> less prosocial,<ref>Germar, M., & Mojzisch, A. (2020). Basal Testosterone Renders Individuals More Receptive to Minority Positions. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 194855062094511. doi:10.1177/1948550620945116</ref> less cooperative,<ref>Van Honk, J., Montoya, E. R., Bos, P. A., van Vugt, M., & Terburg, D. (2012). New evidence on testosterone and cooperation. Nature, 485(7399), E4–E5. doi:10.1038/nature11136</ref> engaging in more group-think (less interest in minority positions),<ref>https://www.bitchute.com/video/JLXj5VcVxRhI/</ref> some of which can be identified as female traits, especially the dishonesty, group-think and perhaps gossipy non-cooperativeness (see [[female sneakiness]]), however none of these results on testosterone affecting pro-social behavior have a substantial replication record nor meta studies backing them.


=== Women ===
=== Women ===
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