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Some of this trend can be attributed the aging population due to older males exhibiting lower testosterone levels. Various comorbidities, including diabetes and obesity are known to decrease testosterone levels, and these conditions have become more prevalent over time.<ref>https://www.urologytimes.com/view/testosterone-levels-show-steady-decrease-among-young-us-men</ref><ref>J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006:doi10.1210/jc.2006-1859</ref> But even after controlling for confounders like age, race, BMI and comorbidities, alcohol consumption, smoking, and physical activity, total T level still decreased highly significantly (p < 0.0001) from 605.39 ng/dL 1999-2000, 567.44 ng/dL in 2003-2004, 424.96 ng/dL in 2011-2012, 431.76 ng/dL in 2013-2014, to 451.22 ng/dL in 2015-2016, with average levels declining by about 1% per year. Obesity has been specifically ruled out as a sufficient primary explanation for the trend.<ref>https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0076178</ref> | Some of this trend can be attributed the aging population due to older males exhibiting lower testosterone levels. Various comorbidities, including diabetes and obesity are known to decrease testosterone levels, and these conditions have become more prevalent over time.<ref>https://www.urologytimes.com/view/testosterone-levels-show-steady-decrease-among-young-us-men</ref><ref>J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006:doi10.1210/jc.2006-1859</ref> But even after controlling for confounders like age, race, BMI and comorbidities, alcohol consumption, smoking, and physical activity, total T level still decreased highly significantly (p < 0.0001) from 605.39 ng/dL 1999-2000, 567.44 ng/dL in 2003-2004, 424.96 ng/dL in 2011-2012, 431.76 ng/dL in 2013-2014, to 451.22 ng/dL in 2015-2016, with average levels declining by about 1% per year. Obesity has been specifically ruled out as a sufficient primary explanation for the trend.<ref>https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0076178</ref> | ||
The sperm count in Western men has also dropped dramatically with today's men's ejaculate | The sperm count in Western men has also dropped dramatically with today's men's ejaculate only yielding roughly half of the sperm counts compared to 1973,<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/16/health/male-sperm-count-problem.html</ref> leading to a greater incidence of infertility among those younger than 30 (today's fertility is 15% lower than 1980s levels).<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3253726/</ref> Sperm count appears to be related to sperm count,<ref>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2605.1982.tb00255.x</ref> and compared to the 1920s when around 17% of women were in the subfertile range of sperm count, today around 40% of men fulfill this criterion.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3343360/</ref> | ||
Paralleling this decline in human sperm, dog semen quality has also seen degradation in some areas.<ref name="lea016">https://www.nature.com/articles/srep31281</ref> | Paralleling this decline in human sperm, dog semen quality has also seen degradation in some areas.<ref name="lea016">https://www.nature.com/articles/srep31281</ref> | ||
Milennials also have weaker grip strength compared to 1985,<ref>https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/06/13/481590997/millennials-may-be-losing-their-grip</ref> though with more obvious causes of sedentary lifestyle and computer-related work due to women's grip strength also declining, although less signficantly, with women aged 30-34 even seeing an increase. There has also been a secular decline in grip strength both among athletes,<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X19300085</ref> as well as a decline in overall sekeltal muscle strength.<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/08/15/todays-men-are-nowhere-near-as-strong-as-their-dads-were-researchers-say/</ref> | Milennials also have weaker grip strength compared to 1985,<ref>https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/06/13/481590997/millennials-may-be-losing-their-grip</ref> though with more obvious causes of sedentary lifestyle and computer-related work due to women's grip strength also declining, although less signficantly, with women aged 30-34 even seeing an increase. There has also been a secular decline in grip strength both among athletes,<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X19300085</ref> as well as a decline in overall sekeltal muscle strength.<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/08/15/todays-men-are-nowhere-near-as-strong-as-their-dads-were-researchers-say/</ref> | ||