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→On PornHub, women consume most of the porn where women are violently raped and abused
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25% of all straight porn searches by women were for videos featuring violence against women, and 5% of women's searches were for videos where women are raped. While not necessarily representative of ''all'' porn consumption by women, Pornhub is, according to website analytics firm Simpleweb, the adult website with the most global traffic (and is ranked 8th for total traffic worldwide out of all websites), as of February 2019. | 25% of all straight porn searches by women were for videos featuring violence against women, and 5% of women's searches were for videos where women are raped. While not necessarily representative of ''all'' porn consumption by women, Pornhub is, according to website analytics firm Simpleweb, the adult website with the most global traffic (and is ranked 8th for total traffic worldwide out of all websites), as of February 2019. | ||
<span style="font-size:125%">'''Discussion:'''</span> | |||
The finding that female porn users disproportionately seek out porn that explicitly depicts sexual violence against and the degradation of women is contrary to common cultural depictions that portray women as the "romantic sex" that heavily values emotional intimacy, male sensitivity to their needs, and kindness in relationships. | |||
As such, it appears to be disturbing to many people, and most explanations for this finding seem to have revolved around tales of abused women seeking to recreate their abuse via their porn habits as a kind of warped self-therapy, seeking to contextualize the abuse they suffered via consuming content that essentially portrays this kind of sexual aggression as the default mode of interaction between the sexes. | |||
Anti-porn feminists have made similar arguments, asserting that women have "internalized misogyny" and often seek out such material out of the view of seeking to propitiate the sexual urgers of their male partners. On the other hand, evolutionary psychology-based arguments see this behavior as being reflective of a [[female subordination|general female psychological tendency towards]] masochism and submissiveness, based on a not-insignificant pool of evidence that indicates that women have been sexually selected for such behaviors by men throughout their evolutionary history to some degree (Apostolou & Khalil, 2018). | |||
Regardless of the proximate causes of this pattern of pornography consumption among women, there is evidence that suggests that female porn users may not be fully representative of the sexual preferences of the general population of women. | |||
Walsh (1998) examined the sexual behaviors and personality traits of regular female users compared to non-users of pornography and found they were higher on several characteristics that are generally considered indicators of faster [[life history]] strategy (associated with greater promiscuity in general). Namely, female users of pornography reported more having more sexual partners, having a stronger sex drive, more likely to be "addicted to sex," more behaviorally masculine, more likely to undergo puberty earlier, and placed more importance on the regular attainment of orgasm than non-users of pornography. | |||
This study certainly indicates that one would expect female pornography users to have a preference for such seemingly aversive materials each due to a potential female fast life history strategist preference for harsher male displays of dominance and violent coercion, or it could be reflective of a general female taste for such male sexual behaviors that is more often expressed among fast life history strategy women as they are less sexually repressed, even on a cognitive level. | |||
However, Wu (2006) found in a survey published in the ''Journal of International Women's Studies'' that female users of romance novels (which often contain veiled or outright explicit depictions of sexual assault) were more feminine, noted fewer sexual partners and reported a later onset of sexual activity compared to female non-readers of this material. The divergence in outcomes between these two studies is likely explicable by differences in sampling and the sample restriction in the second study to romance novel readers. Also, the first used "pornography" as the metric of choice (and many women may not like to consider romance novels as a form of pornography). | |||
It does seem that engagement with violent sex acts of the type that are often depicted in online pornography is quite common among women, with 49% of young partnered women reporting engaging in rough sex "sometimes" or "often" in a large study of US college undergrads (Hebenick et al., 2021). In Hebenick's study, 39.9% of heterosexual women reported enjoying rough sex "very much" compared to 32.3% of men, a difference that was small (''d'' = .17) but statistically significant. Bisexual women reported a higher frequency of enjoying violent sex "very much" than heterosexual women (54.1%). As some have proposed that bisexuality in women may be a reflection of fast-life history adaptions (Luoto et al., 2018), this would provide further evidence for the claim that fast life history women (and men) are more likely to participate in sexual behaviors based mainly on the violent acting out of dominance/submission roles and less on affiliative sexual behaviors. | |||
There is also evidence that suggests that frequent users of pornography, in general, are relative fast life history strategists, with Cheng et al. (2020) finding that citizens of US states with higher crime rates and mortality (potentially both reflective of and causative of a fast life history strategy among the citizens of that state) were more likely to search for pornography on Google, controlling for state GDP and [[sex ratio]]. The link between state-level mortality and pornography use found in this paper was quite strong, with a one SD increase in mortality in a state leading to a roughly .56 SD increase in the frequency of searches for pornographic terms. Women do not appear to be frequent users of pornography in general (Hebenick et al., 2020), providing further support for the thesis that female porn users are unusually sociosexually unrestricted compared to the bulk of women. However, this is also most likely strongly reflective of their lower [[sex drive]] compared to men. Social desirability bias also causes women to underreport their sexual behaviors in general compared to men, as women are pressured more to adhere to chastity norms. However, people that are self-selected via participating in internet studies on sexual behavior tend to be more sociosexually unrestricted (as was the case in a few of the studies cited above), so these two things may even out somewhat in those specific instances. | |||
<span style="font-size:125%">'''Quotes:'''</span> | <span style="font-size:125%">'''Quotes:'''</span> | ||
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* Stephens-Davidowitz S. 2017. ''Everybody Lies: Big Data, New Data, and What the Internet Can Tell Us About Who We Really Are.'' Dey Street Books. | * Stephens-Davidowitz S. 2017. ''Everybody Lies: Big Data, New Data, and What the Internet Can Tell Us About Who We Really Are.'' Dey Street Books. | ||
* Armstrong, M. 2019. ''The World's Most Popular Websites.'' Statista. [[https://www.statista.com/chart/17613/most-popular-websites/ Web]] | * Armstrong, M. 2019. ''The World's Most Popular Websites.'' Statista. [[https://www.statista.com/chart/17613/most-popular-websites/ Web]] | ||
* Apostolou MA, & Khalil, M. 2018. ''Aggressive and Humiliating Sexual Play: Occurrence Rates and Discordance Between the Sexes''. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 48(7), pp. 2187–2200. [Abstract https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-018-1266-8] | |||
* Walsh, A. 1999. ''Life history theory and female readers of pornography''. Personality and Individual Differences, 27(4), 779–787. [Abstract https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00281-5] | |||
* Wu, HH. 2006. ''Gender, Romance Novels and Plastic Sexuality in the United States: A Focus on Female College Students.'' Journal of International Women’s Studies 8(1): pp. 130–39. [https://vc.bridgew.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1353&context=jiws Fulltext] | |||
* Herbenick, D, Fu T, Valdivia DS, Patterson C, Gonzalez YR, Guerra-Reyes L, Eastman-Mueller H, Beckmeyer J, & Rosenberg M. 2021. ''What Is Rough Sex, Who Does It, and Who Likes It? Findings from a Probability Sample of U.S. Undergraduate Students.'' Archives of Sexual Behavior, 50(3), 1183–1195. [Abstract https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-01917-w] | |||
* Luoto S, Krams I, & Rantala MJ. 2018. ''A Life History Approach to the Female Sexual Orientation Spectrum: Evolution, Development, Causal Mechanisms, and Health.'' Archives of Sexual Behavior. [Abstract https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-018-1261-0] | |||
* Cheng L, Zhou X, Wang F, & Xiao L. 2020. ''A State-Level Analysis of Mortality and Google Searches for Pornography: Insight from Life History Theory.'' Archives of Sexual Behavior, 49(8), pp. 3005–3011. [Abstract https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01765-0] | |||
* Herbenick, D. Fu TC, Wright P, Paul B, Gradus R, Bauer J, & Jones R. 2020. ''Diverse Sexual Behaviors and Pornography Use: Findings From a Nationally Representative Probability Survey of Americans Aged 18 to 60 Years''. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 17(4), pp. 623–633. [Abstract https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.01.013] | |||
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="62.25_of_women_have_fantasies_about_rape_and_other_forced_sex_acts">62% of women have fantasies about rape and other forced sex acts</span>=== | ===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="62.25_of_women_have_fantasies_about_rape_and_other_forced_sex_acts">62% of women have fantasies about rape and other forced sex acts</span>=== | ||