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→‎Many adult men are victims of intimate partner physical violence: updated to new figures from 2010-2012 and 2015
(→‎Many adult men are victims of intimate partner physical violence: updated to new figures from 2010-2012 and 2015)
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The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey is a survey run periodically by the CDC in the U.S. to assess trends in domestic violence.
The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS) is a survey instrument run periodically by the CDC in the U.S. to assess trends in domestic violence.
The CDC’s report was based on over 18,000 telephone interviews in the U.S. and a total of 9,086 females and 7,421 males completed the survey.
The first national-level study using the NISVS was in 2010 followed by repetitions in 2011, 2012, and 2015.
They found that roughly 4.7% of men had been victims of intimate partner physical violence in the previous 12 months, compared with 4.0% women. The difference, however, is only barely significant with p < 0.5, suggesting both sexes are currently reporting to experience about the same amount of violence.
 
About 32.9% of women and 28.2% of men have experienced physical violence in their lifetime, which is a significantly greater share for women (p < 0.0001).  
For the years 2010-2012, a total of 22,590 women and 18,584 men completed the survey.
About 35.6% of women and 28.5% of men have experienced physical violence, rape and/or stalking by an intimate partner in their lifetime, which is a significantly greater share for women (p < 0.0001). Thus, men are surprisingly commonly the victims of intimate partner violence.
It was found that roughly 4.7% of men had been victims of intimate partner physical violence in the previous 12 months, compared with 3.9% women.
Furthermore, the rates of male victimization were found to be rising while the rates of female victimization were falling, which may mean men are now experiencing slightly more violence than women.
32.4% of women and 28.3% of men experienced physical violence by an intimate partner in their lifetimes.
In 2015, a total of 5,758 women and 4,323 men completed the survey.
For this year, 2.9% of women and 3.8% of men experienced physical violence committed by an intimate partner in the previous 12 months.
30.6% of women and 31.0% of men experienced physical violence by an intimate partner in their lifetimes.
If one also includes rape and stalking (which includes threats of violence), then the lifetime figures for women and men were respectively 37.3% and 30.9% in 2010-2012, and 36.4% and 33.6% in 2015, with smaller differences for the previous 12 months: 6.6% and 6.4% in 2010-2012, and 5.5% and 5.2% in 2015.
This points to rape not always involving physical violence to the degree that women report it as such.
 
Overall, this suggests men are surprisingly commonly the victims of intimate partner violence, roughly on par with women.
Furthermore, the rates of male victimization were found to be rising while the rates of female victimization were falling, which may mean men are now experiencing very slightly more violence than women.
 
In both reports, women reported about 2.4 times as often a psychological or life impact of their victimization experiences (such as being fearful, concerned for safety, PTSD, injury, need for medical care, housing services, victim advocate services, legal services, missed at least one day of work or school, and contacting a crisis hotline), which is in line with women's overall higher anxiety levels.


Analysts report that these statistics are not given much attention as society tends to treat female-on-male violence as a joke or punchline, and so much momentum has been built towards building the falsehood that only women can be victims of partner physical violence or abuse.
Analysts report that these statistics are not given much attention as society tends to treat female-on-male violence as a joke or punchline, and so much momentum has been built towards building the falsehood that only women can be victims of partner physical violence or abuse.


In a study from New Zealand, women were more likely to initiate domestic violence. The rate of violence initiation was 37.2% for women and 21.8% for men. 18.6% of women and only 5.7% of men committed severe physical violence. Similar figures were found in an U.S. American sample (Magdol et al., 1997).
In a study from New Zealand, women were more likely to initiate domestic violence. The rate of violence initiation was 37.2% for women and 21.8% for men. 18.6% of women, but only 5.7% of men committed severe physical violence. Similar figures were found in an U.S. American sample (Magdol et al., 1997).


Whitaker et al. (2001) found in a study of N = 11,370 young US adults aged 18 to 28 years that in nonreciprocally violent relationships (i.e. in which violence is only committed by on partner), women were the perpetrators in more than 70% of the cases. Overall, women said they initiated more often violence (24.8%) than did their partners (19.2%).
Whitaker et al. (2001) found in a study of N = 11,370 young US adults aged 18 to 28 years that in nonreciprocally violent relationships (i.e. in which violence is only committed by on partner), women were the perpetrators in more than 70% of the cases. Overall, women said they initiated more often violence (24.8%) than did their partners (19.2%).
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''Discussion:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''Discussion:'''</span>


Various explanations have been provided for this surprising fact, for example that men face greater consequences are held [[hypoagency|more responsible]], thus being more likely to refrain from using violence. Another explanation would be that women arrest in their emotional development in their mid-teens, are thus more [[neoteny|neotenous]], thus more likely may suffer childish anger tantrums. Women also score higher than men in neuroticism (Kajonius, 2018). Women's neotenous neuroticism and anger may be a [[female sneakiness|sneaky]] adaptation to ensure that they get fed. Women may also test their partner's strength this way. Eibl-Eibesfeldt (1990) summarized that the male dominance/female surrender is a pattern common to many species, reaching back to our common ancestor with lizards. This could explain such a violent testing behavior: Females that tested their man for superior strength more likely could produce strong offspring that could pass such tests, also in physical competition with other men.
Various explanations have been provided for this surprising fact, for example that men face greater consequences are held [[hypoagency|more responsible]], thus being more likely to refrain from using violence. Another explanation would be that women arrest in their emotional development earlier than men as evidences by [[Scientific_Blackpill_(Supplemental)#Women_cry_four_times_as_much_as_men_and_never_outgrow_teenage_crying_behavior|women crying as often as early teenage boys]], are thus more [[neoteny|neotenous]], thus more likely may suffer childish anger tantrums. Women also score higher than men in neuroticism (Kajonius, 2018). Women's neotenous neuroticism and anger may be a [[female sneakiness|sneaky]] adaptation to ensure that they get fed. Women may also test their partner's strength this way. Eibl-Eibesfeldt (1990) summarized that the male dominance/female surrender is a pattern common to many species, reaching back to our common ancestor with lizards. This could explain such a violent testing behavior: Females that tested their man for superior strength more likely could produce strong offspring that could pass such tests, also in physical competition with other men.


An astonishing case in relation to this phenomenon is English family care and activist and novelist Erin Pizzey (born 1939) who uncovered higher violence rate against men in a domestic violence shelter that she had founded, only to be met with death threats which urged her to flee her country and move to China.
An astonishing case in relation to this phenomenon is English family care and activist and novelist Erin Pizzey (born 1939) who uncovered higher violence rate against men in a domestic violence shelter that she had founded, only to be met with death threats which urged her to flee her country and move to China.
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
* Black MC, Basile KC, Breiding MJ, Smith SG, Walters ML, Merrick, MT, Chen J, Stevens MR. 2011. ''The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010 Summary Report.'' CDC. [[https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/nisvs_report2010-a.pdf FullText]]
* Sharon G. Smith, Xinjian Zhang, Kathleen C. Basile, Melissa T. Merrick, Jing Wang, Marcie-jo Kresnow, Jieru Chen. 2018. ''The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey: 2015 Data Brief – Updated Release.'' [[https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/2015data-brief508.pdf FullText]]
* Sharon G. Smith, Jieru Chen, Kathleen C. Basile, Leah K. Gilbert, Melissa T. Merrick, Nimesh Patel, Margie Walling, and Anurag Jain. 2017. ''The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS):2010-2012 State Report.'' [[https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/NISVS-StateReportBook.pdf FullText]]
* Birch J. 2015. ''The Number of Male Domestic Abuse Victims Is Shockingly High—So Why Don’t We Hear About Them?'' Yahoo.com. [[https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/the-number-of-male-domestic-1284479771263030.html News]]
* Birch J. 2015. ''The Number of Male Domestic Abuse Victims Is Shockingly High—So Why Don’t We Hear About Them?'' Yahoo.com. [[https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/the-number-of-male-domestic-1284479771263030.html News]]
* Magdol L, Moffitt TE, Caspi A, Newman DL, Fagan J, Silva PA. 1997. ''Gender differences in partner violence in a birth cohort of 21-year-olds: Bridging the gap between clinical and epidemiological approaches.'' Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 65(1):68. [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9103736 Abstract]] [[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.473.1039&rep=rep1&type=pdf FullText]]
* Magdol L, Moffitt TE, Caspi A, Newman DL, Fagan J, Silva PA. 1997. ''Gender differences in partner violence in a birth cohort of 21-year-olds: Bridging the gap between clinical and epidemiological approaches.'' Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 65(1):68. [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9103736 Abstract]] [[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.473.1039&rep=rep1&type=pdf FullText]]
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