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The other primary neotenous facial feature that women posses is their less developed lower-facial features, having around 10% lower facial depth (d = 2.0), i.e. a lower distance from the chin to the ears and less forward growth, owing to a shorter mandible, which is also narrower (d = 1.0).<ref>https://www.facebase.org/facial_norms/summary/#mandwidth</ref> The relationship between a small lower-facial features and men's attraction to it has also been empirically established cross-culturally.<ref name="jones95"></ref> Women's upper and lower lips are about 10% fuller/higher on average (d = 1.0 for the upper lip and d = 0.7 for the lower lip).<ref>https://www.facebase.org/facial_norms/summary/#uplipheight</ref> Women's and men's heads are roughly proportional to their stature without noteworthy sex differences in this ratio,<ref>https://www.facebase.org/facial_norms/summary/#maxcranwidth</ref><ref name="height">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Average_human_height_by_country Using Finns as reference population for Caucasians</ref> though women's ratio of head to body size is likely higher when including their fuller, longer hair and more voluminous hair styles, as well as women's more inverse-V shaped/tapered body owing to their pathetic upper body strength and men's elongated clavicles being a closer contextual/comparative feature to head size (much like the nose determines perceived eye size). Women also have a more even and smooth fat distribution in their faces and across their entire bodies which reminds of baby fat.{{citation needed}} | The other primary neotenous facial feature that women posses is their less developed lower-facial features, having around 10% lower facial depth (d = 2.0), i.e. a lower distance from the chin to the ears and less forward growth, owing to a shorter mandible, which is also narrower (d = 1.0).<ref>https://www.facebase.org/facial_norms/summary/#mandwidth</ref> The relationship between a small lower-facial features and men's attraction to it has also been empirically established cross-culturally.<ref name="jones95"></ref> Women's upper and lower lips are about 10% fuller/higher on average (d = 1.0 for the upper lip and d = 0.7 for the lower lip).<ref>https://www.facebase.org/facial_norms/summary/#uplipheight</ref> Women's and men's heads are roughly proportional to their stature without noteworthy sex differences in this ratio,<ref>https://www.facebase.org/facial_norms/summary/#maxcranwidth</ref><ref name="height">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Average_human_height_by_country Using Finns as reference population for Caucasians</ref> though women's ratio of head to body size is likely higher when including their fuller, longer hair and more voluminous hair styles, as well as women's more inverse-V shaped/tapered body owing to their pathetic upper body strength and men's elongated clavicles being a closer contextual/comparative feature to head size (much like the nose determines perceived eye size). Women also have a more even and smooth fat distribution in their faces and across their entire bodies which reminds of baby fat.{{citation needed}} | ||
Behaviorally, women also exhibit greater neoteny than men, in particular due to their higher rate of adult crying, counting 4 times as many crying episodes per unit time.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill_(Supplemental)#Women_cry_four_times_as_much_as_men_and_never_outgrow_teenage_crying_behavior</ref> However, there is less immediate evidence for men finding such behavior outright sexually attractive, compared to women's physical neotenous features. Women also behave more childishly interacting with their female peers, as evidenced by them being uncooperative and [[female sneakiness|sneaky]] toward them.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill_(Supplemental)#tocTee-Hee</ref> Women score about one standard deviation higher in questionnaires measuring neuroticism (though such questionnaires likely underestimate group differences due to groups answering in reference to their own group). Neuroticism refers to emotional instability, which can also be regarded as a neotenous trait as children are generally impatient, cheeky and whiney, which appears to express as [[borderline personality disorder]] in its extreme. Women also score higher in agreeableness, compliance and withdrawal, which are akin to childish [[female subordination|subordination]], which also points to immaturity. Interestingly, women do not have a lower [[IQ|general intelligence]], as presumably educating the offspring is conductive to [[reproductive success]] and it helps being sneaky. | Behaviorally, women also exhibit greater neoteny than men, in particular due to their higher rate of adult crying, counting 4 times as many crying episodes per unit time which matches that of 11 year old boys.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill_(Supplemental)#Women_cry_four_times_as_much_as_men_and_never_outgrow_teenage_crying_behavior</ref> However, there is less immediate evidence for men finding such behavior outright sexually attractive, compared to women's physical neotenous features. Women also behave more childishly interacting with their female peers, as evidenced by them being uncooperative and [[female sneakiness|sneaky]] toward them.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill_(Supplemental)#tocTee-Hee</ref> Women score about one standard deviation higher in questionnaires measuring neuroticism (though such questionnaires likely underestimate group differences due to groups answering in reference to their own group). Neuroticism refers to emotional instability, which can also be regarded as a neotenous trait as children are generally impatient, cheeky and whiney, which appears to express as [[borderline personality disorder]] in its extreme. Women also score higher in agreeableness, compliance and withdrawal, which are akin to childish [[female subordination|subordination]], which also points to immaturity. Interestingly, women do not have a lower [[IQ|general intelligence]], as presumably educating the offspring is conductive to [[reproductive success]] and it helps being sneaky. | ||
Another neotenous trait in between physical and behavioral features would be voice pitch and forcefulness in voice as this is partly determined by the chest size acting as resonating body. Women's voice has a substantially higher fundamental frequency, typically remaining at the vocal pitch of pre-pubescent boys.<ref>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.20065</ref> | Another neotenous trait in between physical and behavioral features would be voice pitch and forcefulness in voice as this is partly determined by the chest size acting as resonating body. Women's voice has a substantially higher fundamental frequency, typically remaining at the vocal pitch of pre-pubescent boys.<ref>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.20065</ref> | ||