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The other primary neotenous facial feature that women posess is their slightly underdeveloped lower-facial features, having around 10% lower facial depth (d = 2.0), i.e. a lower distance from the chin to the ears and less forward growth, owing to a shorter mandible, which is also narrower (d = 1.0).<ref>https://www.facebase.org/facial_norms/summary/#mandwidth</ref> The relationship between a small lower-facial features and men's attraction to it has also been empirically established cross-culturally.<ref name="jones95"></ref> Women's upper and lower lips are about 10% fuller/higher on average (d = 1.0 for the upper lip and d = 0.7 for the lower lip).<ref>https://www.facebase.org/facial_norms/summary/#uplipheight</ref> | The other primary neotenous facial feature that women posess is their slightly underdeveloped lower-facial features, having around 10% lower facial depth (d = 2.0), i.e. a lower distance from the chin to the ears and less forward growth, owing to a shorter mandible, which is also narrower (d = 1.0).<ref>https://www.facebase.org/facial_norms/summary/#mandwidth</ref> The relationship between a small lower-facial features and men's attraction to it has also been empirically established cross-culturally.<ref name="jones95"></ref> Women's upper and lower lips are about 10% fuller/higher on average (d = 1.0 for the upper lip and d = 0.7 for the lower lip).<ref>https://www.facebase.org/facial_norms/summary/#uplipheight</ref> | ||
Behaviorally, women also exhibit neotenous traits, in particular their higher rate of adult crying, counting 4 times as many crying episodes per unit time,<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill_(Supplemental)#Women_cry_four_times_as_much_as_men_and_never_outgrow_teenage_crying_behavior</ref> with there less immediate evidence of women finding such behavior outright sexually attractive, compared to womens facial neotenous features. Women also behave more childishly interacting with their female friends, as evidenced by them being | Behaviorally, women also exhibit neotenous traits, in particular their higher rate of adult crying, counting 4 times as many crying episodes per unit time,<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill_(Supplemental)#Women_cry_four_times_as_much_as_men_and_never_outgrow_teenage_crying_behavior</ref> with there less immediate evidence of women finding such behavior outright sexually attractive, compared to womens facial neotenous features. Women also behave more childishly interacting with their female friends, as evidenced by them being uncooperative and [[female sneakiness|sneaky]] toward other women.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill_(Supplemental)#tocTee-Hee</ref> Women score about 1 standard deviation higher in questionnaires measuring neuroticism (though such questionnaires likely underestimate group differences due to groups answering in reference to their own group), i.e. emotional instability, which can also be regarded as a neotenous trait as children are generally impatient and cheeky. Women also score higher in agreeableness, compliance and withdrawal, which are akin to childish [[female subordination|subordination]], and conversely appear to be more [[female sneakiness|sneaky]] which also points to immaturity. Interestingly women do not have a lower [[IQ|general intelligence]], as presumably educating the offspring is conductive to [[reproductive success]] and it helps being sneaky. | ||
Women's voice has a substantially higher fundamental frequency typically remaining at the vocal pitch of pre-pubescent boys.<ref>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.20065</ref> | Women's voice has a substantially higher fundamental frequency typically remaining at the vocal pitch of pre-pubescent boys.<ref>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.20065</ref> | ||