Homosexuality: Difference between revisions

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Homosexuality (edit)

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This article will only cover male homosexuality because lesbians have a low significance for [[inceldom]] and are universally a bit more tolerated than male homosexuals.<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1948550619887785</ref>
This article will only cover male homosexuality because lesbians have a low significance for [[inceldom]] and are universally a bit more tolerated than male homosexuals.<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1948550619887785</ref>
Lesbians are [[foid|foidish]] and often [[feminism|feminists]].<ref>17% of U.S. women [https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/national/feminism-project/poll/ identify as "strong feminists"].
Lesbians are [[foid|foidish]] and [[feminism|feminist]].<ref>17% of U.S. women [https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/national/feminism-project/poll/ identify as "strong feminists"] and
1.5% or so of women [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_demographics_of_the_United_States are lesbians (not bi)].
around 1.5% of women [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_demographics_of_the_United_States are lesbians (not bi)].
Further, "45% of self-identified feminists in a US sample identified as non-heterosexual, predominantly gynephilious (Liss and Erchull, 2010) as compared to 5.6% in a USA probability sample (Bogaert, 2000), which means that feminists were 4.5 times more likely to be non-exclusively heterosexual." ([https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01011/full Source]) Hence, 17% * 45% = 7.7% of women are predicted to be lesbians. By this reasoning, it likely that nearly all of the 1.5% lesbians are very strongly indoctrinated by feminism.</ref>
Further, "45% of self-identified feminists in a U.S. sample identified as non-heterosexual, predominantly gynephilious (Liss and Erchull, 2010) as compared to 5.6% in a USA probability sample (Bogaert, 2000), which means that feminists were 4.5 times more likely to be non-exclusively heterosexual." ([https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01011/full Source]) Hence, 17% * 45% = 7.7% of women are predicted to be lesbians. By this reasoning, it likely that nearly all of the 1.5% lesbians are very strongly indoctrinated by feminism.</ref>
Lesbianism may have been [[sexual selection|sexually selected]] behavior by men preferring their [[polygyny|harem wives]] to get additional sexual pleasure from each other rather from other men as a means of [[paternity assurance]],<ref>https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=560351713504498712&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5 See section "Male Tolerance"</ref> an idea that [[LGBT]] activists [[triggered|don't like]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201109034620/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/lifestyle/2018/08/the-science-of-incels-all-the-reasons-why-some-men-can-t-find-a-partner.html</ref>
Lesbianism may have been [[sexual selection|sexually selected]] behavior by men preferring their [[polygyny|harem wives]] to get additional sexual pleasure from each other rather from other men as a means of [[paternity assurance]],<ref>https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=560351713504498712&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5 See section "Male Tolerance"</ref> an idea that [[LGBT|LGBTQQIP2SAA]] activists [[triggered|don't like]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201109034620/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/lifestyle/2018/08/the-science-of-incels-all-the-reasons-why-some-men-can-t-find-a-partner.html</ref>


== Prevalence and legitimacy ==
== Prevalence and legitimacy ==


Some forms of homoerotic behavior were accepted in 64% of the 76 cultures studied.<ref name="ref5"></ref> While bisexuality was very common in human history, men exclusively pursuing other men has probably always been weird due to how rare it was and still is. Even today, despite high levels of gay acceptance,<ref>Only 22% of U.S. population opposes homosexuality http://www.gallup.com/poll/163697/approve-marriage-blacks-whites.aspx</ref> only less than 2% of men identify as exclusively homosexual,<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_sexual_orientation</ref> and very few of them keep that identity for long,<ref name="fluidref">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235906255_Physiological_Evidence_for_a_Mostly_Heterosexual_Orientation_Among_Men</ref> though much more men may have some androphilia alongside their gynephilia, i.e. bisexuality,<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8772014</ref> which will be the main subject of this wiki article.
Ford and Beach (1951) found that some forms of homoerotic behavior were accepted in 64% of the 76 cultures studied.<ref name="ref5"></ref> However, while bisexuality was very common in human history, men exclusively pursuing other men has probably always been weird due to how rare it was and still is. Even today, despite high levels of gay acceptance,<ref>Only 22% of U.S. population opposes homosexuality http://www.gallup.com/poll/163697/approve-marriage-blacks-whites.aspx</ref> only less than 2% of men identify as exclusively homosexual,<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_sexual_orientation</ref> and very few of them keep that identity for long,<ref name="fluidref">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235906255_Physiological_Evidence_for_a_Mostly_Heterosexual_Orientation_Among_Men</ref> though much more men may have some androphilia alongside their gynephilia, i.e. bisexuality,<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8772014</ref> which will be the main subject of this wiki article.
In much of Oceania, the Middle East, the Caribbean, Africa, and parts of Asia, homosexuality remains illegal and severely punishable, with some countries having a death penalty for it.<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1529100616637616</ref><ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/05/12/gambias-president-threatens-to-slit-the-throats-of-gay-men/</ref>
In much of Oceania, the Middle East, the Caribbean, Africa, and parts of Asia, homosexuality remains illegal and severely punishable, with some countries having a death penalty for it.<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1529100616637616</ref><ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/05/12/gambias-president-threatens-to-slit-the-throats-of-gay-men/</ref>
In many countries, including Western countries, treatments for homosexuality have been devised which have proven effective,<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/003329410209000316.2</ref> which isn't surprising since nearly all men with androphilia have normal gynephilia anyhow.
In many countries, including Western countries, treatments for homosexuality have been devised which have proven effective,<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/003329410209000316.2</ref> which isn't surprising since nearly all men with androphilia have normal gynephilia anyhow.
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Since homosexual acts cannot produce offspring, one would expect attraction to other men (androphilia) to be non-adaptive or even [[maladaptiveness|maladaptive]].
Since homosexual acts cannot produce offspring, one would expect attraction to other men (androphilia) to be non-adaptive or even [[maladaptiveness|maladaptive]].
However, male homosexuality is more prevalent than what selection-mutation balance between androphilia and gynophilia (attraction women) would predict.<ref name="ref42">http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26089486</ref>
However, male androphilia is more prevalent than what [[wikipedia:Mutation–selection balance|mutation–selection balance]] between androphilia and gynophilia (attraction women) would predict.<ref name="ref42">http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26089486</ref>
Additionally, homosexuality and androphilia are somewhat heritable (around 40%),<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9251839</ref><ref>http://abcnews.go.com/2020/story?id=2449185</ref> all of which suggests homosexuality is an adaptation, i.e. that it increased men's [[reproductive success]] in the past.
Additionally, homosexuality and androphilia are somewhat heritable (around 40%),<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9251839</ref><ref>http://abcnews.go.com/2020/story?id=2449185</ref> all of which suggests homosexuality is an adaptation, i.e. that it increased men's [[reproductive success]] (RS) in the past.


One can broadly divide the hypothesized adaptations for male androphilia into ''slow'' and ''fast'' [[life history]] adaptations (K-selected and r-selected respectively), where fast life history means low investment in the offspring and slow life history means high investment. Fast life history adaptations tend to be more violent, primitive, degenerate, accompanied by earlier maturation, less social investments, lower cultural sophistication and a higher [[sex drive]].
One can broadly distinguish ''slow'' and ''fast'' [[life history]] (LH) adaptations for male androphilia, where fast LH means low investment in the offspring (a result of r-selection) and slow LH means high investment (a result of K-selection). Fast LH adaptations tend to be more violent, primitive, feral, accompanied by earlier maturation, lower cultural and social sophistication and a higher [[sex drive]] and more [[promiscuity]].
 
Fast and slow LH adpatations for male androphilia are not mutually exclusive, though fast LH adaptations are more ancient.


=== Fast life history adaptations ===
=== Fast life history adaptations ===


There are various conceivable pathways toward increased reproductive success (RS) through homosexual behavior in terms of the dominant vs submissive dichotomy, explaining homosexuality as an evolved behavior.
A fast life history is marked by a more primitive mode of competition e.g. through physical dominance, intimidation and [[dark triad|dark personality traits]], pointing to a ''dominant-submissive'' dichotomy inherent to homosexual acts.
For one, penetration can be identified as a high-status activity (more RS), whereas the role of the penetree is associated with low status (less RS).
For one, penetration can be identified as a high-status activity (implying more RS), whereas the role of the penetree is associated with low status (implying less RS).
The integral low-status aspect of the penetree results in intrasexual competition in shape of gossip and shaming, also affecting reproductive success (higher RS for the accuser and lower RS for the accusee).
The integral low-status aspect of the penetree results in intrasexual competition in shape of gossip and shaming, also affecting reproductive success (higher RS for the accuser and lower RS for the accusee).
It is further conceivable that homosexuality acts as a costly signal of high status by thwarting said gossip (also RS for either).
It is further conceivable that homosexuality is a costly signal of high status by thwarting said gossip (higher RS for either homosexual partner).
Relatedly, F. Muscarella proposed the so called ''alliance formation hypothesis''.<ref name="ref5">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J082v40n01_03</ref> In his theory, incels turn into submissive homosexuals forming sexual alliances with higher status men to regain access to group resources and reproductive success ([[homocel hypothesis]]), with the higher status male also gaining some benefits, including sexual pleasure and support (RS for either).  
Relatedly, F. Muscarella proposed the so called ''alliance formation hypothesis''.<ref name="ref5">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J082v40n01_03</ref> In this theory, low status incels can turn into submissive homosexuals forming sexual alliances with higher status men to regain access to group resources and reproductive success ([[homocel hypothesis]]), with the higher status male also gaining some benefits, including sexual pleasure and support (RS for either). Though, such alliances could simultaneously be k-selected.
Each of these pathways is explained in detail below:
 
Each of these adaptations are detailed below:


<ul><li>
<ul><li>
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=== Slow life history adaptations ===
=== Slow life history adaptations ===
Rather than just one cause, multiple causes and adaptive pressures may be involved in the phenomenon of male homosexuality. Few of these explanations are mutually exclusive.


*'''Self-domestication''': It has been suggested in recent human history, human males have been substantially selected to be nice to one another (domestication), with homosociality being one instance thereof and in which homosexuality serves as a means of bonding via intimacy.<ref>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02955/full</ref> This largely overlaps with the notion of alliances in Muscarella's theory.
*'''Self-domestication''': It has been suggested in recent human history, human males have been substantially selected to be nice to one another (domestication), with homosociality being one instance thereof and in which homosexuality serves as a means of bonding via intimacy.<ref>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02955/full</ref> This largely overlaps with the notion of alliances in Muscarella's theory.
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