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make lede more general, move dominance aspect to it's relevant subsection
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'''Homosexuality''' is the sexual attraction to the same sex. | '''Homosexuality''' is the sexual attraction to the same sex. This article only covers male homosexuality since lesbians seem to be of low significance for inceldom and society at large.<ref>Despite women being much more likely considered a victim group, the term "female homosexuality" is used way less than "male homosexuality". This suggests few people really care about lesbians. Anti-lesbian homophobia is much less prevalent and men find lesbians outright sexually arousing, which may stem from the fact that lesbians in a harm implies a lower risk of cuckoldry, hence men selected from it. https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=male+homosexual%2C+female+homosexual&year_start=1800&year_end=2000&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cmale%20homosexual%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cfemale%20homosexual%3B%2Cc0</ref> | ||
This article only covers male homosexuality since lesbians seem to be of low significance for inceldom and society at large.<ref>Despite women being much more likely considered a victim group, the term "female homosexuality" is used way less than "male homosexuality". This suggests few people really care about lesbians. Anti-lesbian homophobia is much less prevalent and men find lesbians outright sexually arousing, which may stem from the fact that lesbians in a harm implies a lower risk of cuckoldry, hence men selected from it. https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=male+homosexual%2C+female+homosexual&year_start=1800&year_end=2000&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cmale%20homosexual%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cfemale%20homosexual%3B%2Cc0</ref> | |||
Lesbians seem to be cute, [[foid|foidish]], often [[feminism|feminists]]<ref>17% of U.S. women [https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/national/feminism-project/poll/ identify as "strong feminists"]. | Lesbians seem to be cute, [[foid|foidish]], often [[feminism|feminists]]<ref>17% of U.S. women [https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/national/feminism-project/poll/ identify as "strong feminists"]. | ||
1.5% or so of women [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_demographics_of_the_United_States are lesbians (not bi)]. | 1.5% or so of women [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_demographics_of_the_United_States are lesbians (not bi)]. | ||
Further, "45% of self-identified feminists in a US sample identified as non-heterosexual, predominantly gynephilious (Liss and Erchull, 2010) as compared to 5.6% in a USA probability sample (Bogaert, 2000), which means that feminists were 4.5 times more likely to be non-exclusively heterosexual." ([https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01011/full Source]) Hence, 17% * 45% = 7.7% of women are predicted to be lesbians. By this reasoning, it highly likely that nearly all of the 1.5% lesbians are very strong feminists.</ref> | Further, "45% of self-identified feminists in a US sample identified as non-heterosexual, predominantly gynephilious (Liss and Erchull, 2010) as compared to 5.6% in a USA probability sample (Bogaert, 2000), which means that feminists were 4.5 times more likely to be non-exclusively heterosexual." ([https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01011/full Source]) Hence, 17% * 45% = 7.7% of women are predicted to be lesbians. By this reasoning, it highly likely that nearly all of the 1.5% lesbians are very strong feminists.</ref> | ||
and universally more tolerated than male homosexuals.<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1948550619887785</ref> | and universally more tolerated than male homosexuals.<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1948550619887785</ref> | ||
Lesbianism may have been [[sexual selection|sexually selected]] behavior by men preferring their [[polygyny|harem wives]] to get additional sexual pleasure from each other rather from other men as a means of [[paternity assurance]],<ref>https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=560351713504498712&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5 See section "Male Tolerance"</ref> an idea that | Lesbianism may have been [[sexual selection|sexually selected]] behavior by men preferring their [[polygyny|harem wives]] to get additional sexual pleasure from each other rather from other men as a means of [[paternity assurance]],<ref>https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=560351713504498712&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5 See section "Male Tolerance"</ref> an idea that [[LGBT]] activists [[triggered|don't like]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201109034620/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/lifestyle/2018/08/the-science-of-incels-all-the-reasons-why-some-men-can-t-find-a-partner.html</ref> | ||
==Prevalence and legitimacy== | ==Prevalence and legitimacy== | ||
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In much of Oceania, the Middle East, the Caribbean, Africa, and parts of Asia, homosexuality remains illegal and severely punishable, with some countries having a death penalty for it.<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1529100616637616</ref><ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/05/12/gambias-president-threatens-to-slit-the-throats-of-gay-men/</ref> | In much of Oceania, the Middle East, the Caribbean, Africa, and parts of Asia, homosexuality remains illegal and severely punishable, with some countries having a death penalty for it.<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1529100616637616</ref><ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/05/12/gambias-president-threatens-to-slit-the-throats-of-gay-men/</ref> | ||
==Evolution== | == Evolution == | ||
However, male homosexuality is more prevalent than what selection-mutation balance | Since homo-sexual acts cannot produce offspring, one would expect attraction to other men (androphilia) to be non-adaptive or even [[maladaptiveness|maladaptive]]. | ||
However, male homosexuality is more prevalent than what selection-mutation balance between androphilia and gynophilia (attraction women) would predict.<ref name="ref42">http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26089486</ref> | |||
Additionally, homosexuality and androphilia are somewhat heritable (around 40%),<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9251839</ref><ref>http://abcnews.go.com/2020/story?id=2449185</ref> all of which suggests homosexuality is an adaptation, i.e. that it increased men's reproductive success in the past. | |||
=== Dominant-submissive dichotomy === | |||
Various aspects pertaining to [[dominance hierarchy|social dominance]] can be found in homosocial and homosexual behavior. | |||
Namely, penetration can be identified as a high-status activity, whereas the role of the penetree is associated with low status. | |||
F. Muscarella proposed incels can turn into submissive homosexuals to form a sexual alliances with higher status men to regain access to group resources and reproductive success ([[homocel hypothesis]]), with the higher status male also gaining some benefits, including sexual pleasure and support.<ref name="ref5">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J082v40n01_03</ref> | |||
Further, it is conceivable that the integral low-status of the penetree results in intrasexual competition in shape of gossip and shaming, affecting reproductive success. | |||
There are | There are various conceivable pathways toward increased reproductive success (RS) through homosexual behavior in terms of the dominant vs submissive dichotomy, explaining homosexuality as an evolved behavior: Promiscuity/sodomy (RS for penetrator), alliance (RS for penetrator and penetree), [[intrasexual competition]] by gossip (RS for accuser), homosexuality and homosocialty as costly signal by thwarting said gossip (RS for both, mostly for the penetrator). These pathways are explained in detail below. | ||
<ul><li> | <ul><li> | ||