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The cross-cultural prevalence of laws against homosexuality may be driven by the same innate tendency among males to accuse one another of gayness. Alternatively or additionally such laws may also have culturally evolved to limit the excessive, dominant promiscuity that also exists in gay communities, which may be regarded as uncivilized or a health threat with regards to [[STD]]s, however, [[antifragility]] should imply that this is not a huge problem. | The cross-cultural prevalence of laws against homosexuality may be driven by the same innate tendency among males to accuse one another of gayness. Alternatively or additionally such laws may also have culturally evolved to limit the excessive, dominant promiscuity that also exists in gay communities, which may be regarded as uncivilized or a health threat with regards to [[STD]]s, however, [[antifragility]] should imply that this is not a huge problem. | ||
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'''Costly signaling''': As a result of potential adaptations for accusing men of gayness, men of higher status can use homosexual or homosocial acts, not only as act of intimidation, but also as [[signaling theory|costly signaling]] | '''Costly signaling''': As a result of potential adaptations for accusing men of gayness, men of higher status can use homosexual or homosocial acts, not only as act of intimidation, but also for the purposes of showing-off, as [[signaling theory|costly signaling]] risking being accused of gayness, but being confident in one's ability to thwart such insults to one's reputation and social standing, hence robust evidence of high social status. Evidence of such signaling may be found, for example, in a study by Robison and Anderson from University of Winchester in which highly confident and masculine men (sport athletes) did engage in homosocial tactility,<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1097184X17730386?journalCode=jmma</ref><ref>https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/straight-men-cuddle-guys-study_n_5241953?ri18n=true&guccounter=2</ref> | ||
even though today public male intimacy is uncommon in the West (see [[#Gay_acceptance_and_homosocial_intimacy|gay acceptance and homosocial intimacy]]). Only a dominant man can afford to hold hands with other men in public. A low status man vulnerable to gossip would need to claim the status of a protected class and rely on shaming to survive socially. | even though today public male intimacy is uncommon in the West (see [[#Gay_acceptance_and_homosocial_intimacy|gay acceptance and homosocial intimacy]]). Only a dominant man can afford to hold hands with other men in public. A low status man vulnerable to gossip would need to claim the status of a protected class and rely on shaming to survive socially. | ||
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