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== Prevalence and legitimacy == | == Prevalence and legitimacy == | ||
Some forms of homoerotic behavior were accepted in 64% of the 76 cultures studied.<ref name="ref5"></ref> While bisexuality was very common in human history, men exclusively pursuing other men has probably always been weird due to how rare it was and still is. Despite high levels of gay acceptance,<ref>Only 22% of U.S. population opposes homosexuality http://www.gallup.com/poll/163697/approve-marriage-blacks-whites.aspx</ref> only less than 2% of men identify as exclusively homosexual,<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_sexual_orientation</ref> though ''much'' more men may have some androphilia alongside their gynephilia.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8772014</ref> | Some forms of homoerotic behavior were accepted in 64% of the 76 cultures studied.<ref name="ref5"></ref> While bisexuality was very common in human history, men exclusively pursuing other men has probably always been weird due to how rare it was and still is. Despite high levels of gay acceptance,<ref>Only 22% of U.S. population opposes homosexuality http://www.gallup.com/poll/163697/approve-marriage-blacks-whites.aspx</ref> only less than 2% of men identify as exclusively homosexual,<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_sexual_orientation</ref> and few of them keep that identity for long,<ref name="fluidref"> though ''much'' more men may have some androphilia alongside their gynephilia.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8772014</ref> | ||
In much of Oceania, the Middle East, the Caribbean, Africa, and parts of Asia, homosexuality remains illegal and severely punishable, with some countries having a death penalty for it.<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1529100616637616</ref><ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/05/12/gambias-president-threatens-to-slit-the-throats-of-gay-men/</ref> | In much of Oceania, the Middle East, the Caribbean, Africa, and parts of Asia, homosexuality remains illegal and severely punishable, with some countries having a death penalty for it.<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1529100616637616</ref><ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/05/12/gambias-president-threatens-to-slit-the-throats-of-gay-men/</ref> | ||
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'''Modern West''': Today, most homosexuals identify as versatile (around 40%), preferring both the dominant and submissive role at times, with a roughly equal split between top and bottom preferences,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120125003836/http://www.straightacting.com/phpbb3/viewtopic.php?p=222697</ref><ref name="ref41">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-017-0980-y</ref> which may be regarded as counter evidence for the relevance of dominant/submissive dichotomy for the evolution of male homosexual behavior as one would perhaps expect a greater divide. However, the entire modern homosexual identity may largely be a [[social constructionism|social construct]], attracting people to act out their sexual fantasies rather than adaptations in the context they evolved. | '''Modern West''': Today, most homosexuals identify as versatile (around 40%), preferring both the dominant and submissive role at times, with a roughly equal split between top and bottom preferences,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120125003836/http://www.straightacting.com/phpbb3/viewtopic.php?p=222697</ref><ref name="ref41">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-017-0980-y</ref> which may be regarded as counter evidence for the relevance of dominant/submissive dichotomy for the evolution of male homosexual behavior as one would perhaps expect a greater divide. However, the entire modern homosexual identity may largely be a [[social constructionism|social construct]], attracting people to act out their sexual fantasies rather than adaptations in the context they evolved. | ||
The notion of a fixed sexual identity has been questioned in a recent meta study,<ref | The notion of a fixed sexual identity has been questioned in a recent meta study,<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235906255_Physiological_Evidence_for_a_Mostly_Heterosexual_Orientation_Among_Men</ref> rather orientation changes over time and exists on a continuum and 98% of men wanting sex with the opposite sex alongside some homosexual curiosity that may have evolved as discussed above. Hence modern self-identifying as homosexuals are not necessarily representative of human homosexuality in the past. | ||
</li></ul> | </li></ul> | ||
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