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* '''More cross-cultural findings''': The active-passive contrast in homosexuality was also prevalent in medieval Scandinavia and contemporary Latin America.<ref>http://www.williamapercy.com/wiki/images/Active.pdf</ref> Pederasty, which is also an instance of homosexual power differentials, has flourished in many lower cultures, e.g. Indians of North America,<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/berdache</ref> but also in a number of high cultures, including ancient Greece, medieval Islam (especially among Sufis), Japan (among the Samurai nobility), and Korea.<ref>http://www.williamapercy.com/wiki/images/Pederasty.pdf</ref> | * '''More cross-cultural findings''': The active-passive contrast in homosexuality was also prevalent in medieval Scandinavia and contemporary Latin America.<ref>http://www.williamapercy.com/wiki/images/Active.pdf</ref> Pederasty, which is also an instance of homosexual power differentials, has flourished in many lower cultures, e.g. Indians of North America,<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/berdache</ref> but also in a number of high cultures, including ancient Greece, medieval Islam (especially among Sufis), Japan (among the Samurai nobility), and Korea.<ref>http://www.williamapercy.com/wiki/images/Pederasty.pdf</ref> | ||
Today, most homosexuals identify as versatile (around 40%), preferring both the dominant and submissive role at times, with a roughly equal split between top and bottom preferences,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120125003836/http://www.straightacting.com/phpbb3/viewtopic.php?p=222697</ref><ref name="ref41">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-017-0980-y</ref> which may be regarded as counter evidence for the relevance of dominant/submissive dichotomy for the evolution of male homosexual behavior. | Today, most homosexuals identify as versatile (around 40%), preferring both the dominant and submissive role at times, with a roughly equal split between top and bottom preferences,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120125003836/http://www.straightacting.com/phpbb3/viewtopic.php?p=222697</ref><ref name="ref41">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-017-0980-y</ref> which may be regarded as counter evidence for the relevance of dominant/submissive dichotomy for the evolution of male homosexual behavior as one would perhaps expect a greater divide. | ||
However, the entire | However, the entire modern homosexual identity may largely be a [[social constructionism|social construct]], attracting people to act out their sexual fantasies rather than adaptations in the context they evolved. | ||
The notion of a fixed sexual identity has been questioned in a recent meta study,<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235906255_Physiological_Evidence_for_a_Mostly_Heterosexual_Orientation_Among_Men</ref> rather orientation changes over time and exists on a continuum and 98% of men wanting sex with the opposite sex alongside some homosexual curiosity that may have evolved as discussed above. | The notion of a fixed sexual identity has been questioned in a recent meta study,<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235906255_Physiological_Evidence_for_a_Mostly_Heterosexual_Orientation_Among_Men</ref> rather orientation changes over time and exists on a continuum and 98% of men wanting sex with the opposite sex alongside some homosexual curiosity that may have evolved as discussed above. Hence modern self-identifying as homosexuals are not necessarily representative of human homosexuality in the past. | ||
<!-- needs more research being such a bold claim: | |||
Gay men identifying as the bottom are more likely later in the birth order which so it may be related to weakness and mutational load<ref name="ref41"></ref> and exclusive homosexuals exhibit other markers [[mutants|mutational load]] as summarized by the [[#Statistics|statistics]] below, so given that mutational load has increased.<ref>https://www.amazon.co.uk/At-Our-Wits-End-Intelligent/dp/184540985X</ref> Taken together, the group of men self-identifying as homosexuals is unlikely to be representative of human sexuality in the past. | Gay men identifying as the bottom are more likely later in the birth order which so it may be related to weakness and mutational load<ref name="ref41"></ref> and exclusive homosexuals exhibit other markers [[mutants|mutational load]] as summarized by the [[#Statistics|statistics]] below, so given that mutational load has increased.<ref>https://www.amazon.co.uk/At-Our-Wits-End-Intelligent/dp/184540985X</ref> Taken together, the group of men self-identifying as homosexuals is unlikely to be representative of human sexuality in the past. | ||
It is sufficient there to be selective pressure for (bisexual) androphilia in men for exclusive male homosexuality to emerge more often as an extreme instantiation of that adaptation. | It is sufficient there to be selective pressure for (bisexual) androphilia in men for exclusive male homosexuality to emerge more often as an extreme instantiation of that adaptation. | ||
That being said, having a high mutational load is not a judgement or insult. It is simply a genetic condition, much like being physically ill or weak is not an insult. | That being said, having a high mutational load is not a judgement or insult. It is simply a genetic condition, much like being physically ill or weak is not an insult. | ||
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=== Other hypotheses === | === Other hypotheses === | ||