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Indeed, historically, penetration of another man (sodomy) was, arguably, the ultimate act of male-male domination, especially in honor-shame cultures. Exhibitionism and phallus symbolism may also be born from such display of dominance.<ref name="eibl1990" /> Women's [[libido|lower sex drive]], as a result of their greater parental investment, also dooms men to be horny, which facilitates men getting sexual pleasure from one another as an outlet of sexual frustration. However, dominance behavior is unlikely to explain all male homosexual behavior it also comes in other forms and shapes, besides excessive anonymous promiscuity. | Indeed, historically, penetration of another man (sodomy) was, arguably, the ultimate act of male-male domination, especially in honor-shame cultures. Exhibitionism and phallus symbolism may also be born from such display of dominance.<ref name="eibl1990" /> Women's [[libido|lower sex drive]], as a result of their greater parental investment, also dooms men to be horny, which facilitates men getting sexual pleasure from one another as an outlet of sexual frustration. However, dominance behavior is unlikely to explain all male homosexual behavior it also comes in other forms and shapes, besides excessive anonymous promiscuity. | ||
One other shape is receptive and submissive homosexuality. In what Muscarella calls ''alliance formation hypothesis'', he suggested peripheralized men (incels) can establish social ties with horny men of higher social standing by homosociality and re-gain access to resources, and thus increase chances of [[reproductive success]] (see [[homocel hypothesis]]).<ref name="ref5"></ref> | One other shape is receptive and submissive homosexuality. In what Muscarella calls ''alliance formation hypothesis'', he suggested peripheralized men (incels) can establish social ties with horny men of higher social standing by homosociality and re-gain access to resources, and thus increase chances of [[reproductive success]] (see [[homocel hypothesis]]).<ref name="ref5"></ref> In particular, the submissive male can make himself into the female in order to appease dominant males and get access to some of their resources. | ||
In both of these homosexual reproductive strategies, however, the penetree is associated with low status, and men can hence use accusations of gayness as means of intrasexual competition, which is crucial for reproductive success as access to women is negotiated by dominance competitions among men. | In both of these homosexual reproductive strategies, however, the penetree is associated with low status, and men can hence use accusations of gayness as means of intrasexual competition, which is crucial for reproductive success as access to women is negotiated by dominance competitions among men. |