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→Monogamy may have been selected by cultural evolution because of its benefits for society
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Koos et al. (2019) found concrete evidence in African polygynous groups where unmarried men felt being treated more unequally and were readier to use violence in comparison to men belonging to monogamous groups. Interestingly, monogamists men have proven to have a higher [[IQ]] than non-monogamous men in a study by Kanazawa (2009). | Koos et al. (2019) found concrete evidence in African polygynous groups where unmarried men felt being treated more unequally and were readier to use violence in comparison to men belonging to monogamous groups. Interestingly, monogamists men have proven to have a higher [[IQ]] than non-monogamous men in a study by Kanazawa (2009). | ||
Strong pair-bonding between males and females is thought to be accompanied by a dramatic reduction in the male-to-male conflict over mating and an increased investment in offspring (Gavrilets, 2012). | |||
In a cross-cultural study of correlates of crimes in 44 nonliterate societies (a people or culture without a written language), monogamous societies had substantially lower rates of theft (r = -.58) and personal crime (r = -.44) than polygynous ones. | |||
Another study found, men who transition to a monogamous, or less competitive, mode of sexual behavior reduce their risk of violence. Impressing and pleasing women, not just acquiring livestock, provide a strong incentive to participate in raids and changes in sexual behavior were shown to be more consistent and stronger in predicting violence than marriage and employment (''Competition–Violence Hypothesis'', Seffrin 2017). Moreover, societies at war, polygynous societies, and nonstratified societies (where power is relatively decentralized) have costlier, more dysphoric [unpleasant] male rituals and rites of passage, which may be a measure of aggressive male intrasexual competition (Sosis et al., 2007). | |||
<span style="font-size:125%">'''Discussion:'''</span> | |||
One should keep in mind that any correlation between singlehood and criminal behavior in men should be expected to be weakened by the fact that women tend to be attracted to psychopaths. | |||
<span style="font-size:125%">'''Quotes:'''</span> | <span style="font-size:125%">'''Quotes:'''</span> | ||
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* Koos C, Neupert-Wentz C. 2019. ''Polygynous Neighbors, Excess Men, and Intergroup Conflict in Rural Africa.'' Journal of Conflict Resolution, 0022002719859636. [[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022002719859636 Abstract]] | * Koos C, Neupert-Wentz C. 2019. ''Polygynous Neighbors, Excess Men, and Intergroup Conflict in Rural Africa.'' Journal of Conflict Resolution, 0022002719859636. [[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022002719859636 Abstract]] | ||
* Kanazawa S. 2009. ''IQ and the values of nations.'' Journal of Biosocial Science, 41(4), 537-556. [[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-biosocial-science/article/iq-and-the-values-of-nations/B28886FC682668151084DF2E9DC5C0AF Abstract]] | * Kanazawa S. 2009. ''IQ and the values of nations.'' Journal of Biosocial Science, 41(4), 537-556. [[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-biosocial-science/article/iq-and-the-values-of-nations/B28886FC682668151084DF2E9DC5C0AF Abstract]] | ||
* Gavrilets S. 2012. Human origins and the transition from promiscuity to pair-bonding. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(25), 9923-9928. [[https://www.pnas.org/content/109/25/9923 Abstract]] | |||
* Sosis R, Kress HC, Boster JS. (2007). Scars for war: Evaluating alternative signaling explanations for cross-cultural variance in ritual costs. Evolution and Human Behavior, 28(4), 234-247. [[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090513807000244 Abstract]] | |||
* Seffrin, P. M. (2017). The Competition–Violence Hypothesis: Sex, Marriage, and Male Aggression. Justice Quarterly, 34(4), 652-673. [[http://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2016.1216153 Abstract]] | |||
* Bacon, M. K., Child, I. L., & Barry III, H. (1963). A cross-cultural study of correlates of crime. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66(4), 291. http://doi.org/10.1037/h0042395 (Bacon 1963) | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||