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| Strictly speaking, psychopathy is not game though, because it is not [[beauty|beautiful]]. | | Strictly speaking, psychopathy is not game though, because it is not [[beauty|beautiful]]. |
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| === Both heroes and villains are psychopaths ===
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| In two studies of undergraduate students, involving a total of 243 volunteers, and one study of 457 adults recruited online. Researchers asked people to fill out questionnaires regarding their heroic acts, even ones as minor as breaking up a public fight or helping a stranger push a car out of a ditch. The volunteers also took a personality questionnaire to determine their level of psychopathic personality traits — none of the volunteers were actually psychopaths, but because personality is a spectrum, some people were closer than others.<ref>https://www.livescience.com/37483-heroism-psychopaths.html</ref>
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| The personality of a hero
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| The results revealed that a couple of psychopathic traits are, indeed, linked to heroic behavior. In one undergraduate sample and in the sample of adults, a psychopathic trait called fearless dominance — essentially boldness — was linked with greater heroism and altruism toward strangers. In the other undergraduate sample, people who had higher levels of impulsive antisociality (marked by aggressiveness and antisocial behavior) were also more likely to report heroism.<ref>https://www.livescience.com/37483-heroism-psychopaths.html</ref>
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| Fearless and antisocial people might be more likely than the average person to lie, of course. To control for that possibility, Smith, Lilienfeld and their colleagues inserted a few stealth questions into the surveys. Some were designed to out self-aggrandizers: People who answered "yes" to questions about whether they'd ever taken the controls of an airplane during a crash-landing scenario or saved people from multiple volcanic eruptions were assumed to be lying and tossed out of the study.
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| Some of the other questions were subtler and designed to catch people who answered questions in ways that made themselves look good. The researchers statistically controlled for high scores on these questions.
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| Finally, the researchers did one more test: a look at heroism, psychopathy and U.S. presidents. Using psychopath ratings from biographers and experts in presidential history, the researchers compared likely psychopathic personality traits of the 42 presidents up to and including George W. Bush with their war records. Although this study was small and limited, it did show that the more psychopathic the personality, the more likely the president was to have a record of heroic behavior in war before taking office.<ref>https://www.livescience.com/37483-heroism-psychopaths.html</ref>
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| Anecdotally, many psychopaths sometimes show altruistic sides, and sometimes, heroic people act badly in other areas of their lives. In 2005, for example, an Australian businessman who saved as many as 20 people from the Indian Ocean tsunami in Thailand was arrested on assault and burglary charges upon returning home. Even serial killer Ted Bundy, who murdered at least 30 people and who is generally considered to be a psychopath, once volunteered for a suicide-prevention hotline.<ref>https://www.livescience.com/37483-heroism-psychopaths.html</ref>
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| When Psycho Chad is nice or romantic (gives a girl flowers), the behavior is seen as genuine and real. When the physically unattractive [[nice guy]] is nice or romantic, the behavior is ''creepy''. Weather Psycho Chad plays the hero or villain, women find him endearing. For example, a study found women find a man walking with a ''heroic'' [[gait]] as more attractive.<ref>https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2791293</ref>. Women want the callous psychopath to also smell like flowers (literally),<ref>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00224545.2012.683463</ref><ref>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00224545.2012.683463</ref> and women view Machiavellian men as more attractive on dark and stormy nights.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0191886914000403</ref>. Essentially women want a romance novel fantasy brought to life. Since very few men have these exaggerated traits, the vast majority of us have to settle for traditional [[courtship]] and [[betabux]]ing.
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| The top 10 most psychopathic occupations in order are C.E.O, lawyer, media person in TV or radio, salesperson, surgeon, journalist, police officer, clergy person, chef, civil servant.<ref>https://www.businessinsider.com/professions-with-the-most-psychopaths-2018-5</ref> The main occupational theme is exercising control over the lives of others (specifically the lives of animals in the case of the chef). Both heroes and villains wish to influence and control the lives of others.
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| On a study of the attractiveness of risk takers. Male and female participants evaluated the attractiveness of risk takers compared with risk avoiders as potential mates, and as potential same-sex friends, in 21 different scenarios. Both females and males preferred heroic physical risk takers as mates, with the preference being stronger for females. Another study replicated the same results.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090513804000583</ref>
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| === Psychopaths use '''heroic''' body language to appear attractive ===
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| In a study on body language attractiveness, prideful appearing men were rated most attractive, and smiling men the least! (This isn't to say a man's smile cant be attractive, only that there are other more attractive gestures).<ref>https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/between-the-lines/201105/study-finds-smiling-men-are-less-attractive-women</ref>
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| Photos from the study here: https://imgur.com/a/PsLGGBy
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| Another study on attractive poses, used computer graphic technology, commonly used for movies, games, and television to make characters as attractive, entertaining and interesting as possible. Found that the most attractive male poses follow a complex set of rules, that involve very specific body motions and angles. Generally though, the least attractive poses look objectively, awkward, lazy, uneven, asymmetrical, weird, and creepy. While the most attractive poses all look like variations of poses one would see at an elite bodybuilding competition, and are explicitly labeled by the researchers as ''heroic''. The researchers used the max attractive poses as a template for creating new, novel attractive expressions for characters in media.<ref>https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Finding-rules-of-attractive-human-poses-using-tree-Oshita-Yamamura/8b1898f22166ef51af94f9c639661a5ffc52958c</ref>
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| Objectively unattractive poses: https://imgur.com/a/S8qqQZj
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| Maximum attractiveness poses: https://imgur.com/a/vifjZIG
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| Novel attractive poses (less than maximum attractiveness): https://imgur.com/a/LZkQelS
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| Another study on heroic body language showed that portraits of moral heroes (Martin Luther King, Jr., Nelson Mandela, Mother Teresa, etc.) portray heroes gazing up and to the viewer's right (the heroes left) in part because ideologically minded followers select and propagate these images of their leaders.
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| The study found that the gaze direction of portraits of moral heroes tend to show the hero looking up-and-to their left more often than chance would predict, and more often than portraits of celebrities (e.g., Elvis Presley) do.<ref>https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7330/f7dbff88009a712e7b613efaf94eaa74e932.pdf?_ga=2.145609524.1696512517.1580140166-346151937.1580140166</ref>
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| The study essentially proved that looking up and to the left is seen as an objectively, heroic looking gesture. The finding suggest that [[manlet]]s should always keep a person directly in front or to the left so as to appear as morally righteous as possible. Anecdotally, looking down and to the left, also appears heroic suggesting any guy no matter the height should keep people in front and on his left side.
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| === Psychopaths engage in '''cool''' behavior ===
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| Main article on [[coolness]] here https://incels.wiki/w/Coolness.
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| '''Coolness''' is [[Dominance hierarchy|dominance signaling]] by looking fashionable and dangerous, as well as behaving in an interesting and impressive manner, all without trying hard. Achieving status whilst doing the bare minimum signals confidence in one's ability. Basically saying, "could try harder but don't need to because people ''already'' hail to the king, baby." Coolness is related to [[stoicism]] due to the downplaying of effort, and related to [[charisma]]/[[game]] as style is associated with [[beauty]].
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| Dangerous activities like free climbing, sex, binge drinking, going to war, etc. are cool because they are dangerous. One could argue purposefully setting one's hand on fire is dangerous but not cool. The counter argument to that is any dangerous behavior no matter how stupid, can be cool if played off with stoicism and finesse.
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| For example, one sets their own hand on fire, and without flinching, calmly blows the flames out in an impressive manner hardly seeming to try at all, and then one brushes their hair back, with that same hand, and says "ain't got time to burn." The stupid act of setting one's own hand on fire has just been made cool.
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| === Psychopaths were traditionally war heroes ===
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| 2 leading morality researchers Peter, Descioli (Education: Postdoctoral Fellow, Harvard University PhD and MA, University of Pennsylvania BA, University of Delaware) and Robert Kurzban (Education BA, Cornell University, 1991; Ph.D, UCSB, 1998) In their research file '' Cracking the superhero's moral code ''<ref>https://www.academia.edu/26235404/Cracking_the_superhero_s_moral_code</ref> point out that the idea of an "ideal hero" whom always does the right thing is a pretty new one, as far as cultural narratives go, and that most characters to whom the term "hero" has been applied since antiquity were of a very different mold.
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| Many classical Greek, Indian, Chinese, etc. heroes such as [[Genghis khan]] were inherently flawed and destructive individuals who would be poor role-models in modern times, yet are still upheld as champions by their respective cultures. Descioli and Kurzban argue that the distinction between these classical heroes and the modern ideal ones (exemplified by comic book superheroes like Superman) lies in that the former excel at between-group conflict and the latter, in within-group conflict.<ref>https://www.academia.edu/26235404/Cracking_the_superhero_s_moral_code</ref>
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| For most of human history, our species lived in relatively small communities/groups fighting others over limited resources in an existential conflict. As such, myths of powerful individuals whose main talent was slaying their enemies by the dozen were most relevant to members of said communities. These myths didn't need complex moral messages, because most of the time, their morality boiled down to a simple and easy-to-understand mantra "we are good, the Others are bad, so our hero kills them". However, as communities grew larger and more depersonalized, their susceptibility to internal strife outpaced their ability to self-police, requiring the creation of specialized social institutes for law enforcement.
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| By similar processes, we observe the emergence of a new breed of hero, one specializing in within-group conflict — essentially a crime fighter, whose main talent is mediating conflict according to a set of norms and morals espoused by his society. Because a within-group conflict can never be resolved just by killing every opponent, unlike a inter-group war for survival, the ideal-hero fights the "bad" guys to subdue and, ultimately, to redeem them.
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| The morality of war heroes and their myths is overtly utilitarian: if they have to sacrifice innocents to achieve victory, they will do so because efficient problem solving and concentration of (fire)power are the best way to resolve existential conflicts with clear-cut sides. On the other hand, within-group conflicts tend to be much more political and messy about their sides, with allegiances fluctuating and shifting too fast to apply utilitarian, military thinking to them.
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| The ideal hero therefore instead relies on and enforces a set of Kantian categorical imperatives compatible with the social norms of the group in question (the most popular of which is, of course, Thou Shalt Not Kill). By sticking to his society's imperatives even when it would be more practical in the utilitarian short term to break them, the ideal hero establishes a reputation and secures the majority support within the community in the long term, ultimately achieving a moral, rather than existential victory over his opponents.
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| Descioli and Kurzban additionally identify three pillars of the "superhero moral code" (which is how they refer to the morality of the ideal heroes):
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| Third-party judgment. An ideal hero will actively meddle in within-group conflicts that do not involve them personally, in order to set things right. In fact, they will often sacrifice their own well-being and relationships in order to ensure the proper functioning of society at large. By contrast, war heroes typically only get involved to defend their own home or to benefit from their conquests.
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| Moralistic punishment. An ideal hero metes out punishments appropriate for the wrongdoings that he thwarts, i.e. he is not a Vigilante Man killing criminals for personal Revenge, but a rational agent of justice (as understood by his society) who just happens to operate outside of the society's established institutions. Contrast this with the celebration of the war heroes' destructive emotions like wrath, rage, and vengeance.
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| Moral impartiality. An ideal hero transcends the conflicts he mediates, embodying Blind Justice. On one hand, he will apply the same punishment to his friends who crossed the line as he would to any other criminal (lack of true, empathy/loyalty to people); on the other, he will show the same restraint with his "enemies" as he would with his friends, e.g. never killing them in hopes of their possible redemption.
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| Perhaps the most telling illustration of the difference between ideal and war hero moralities is their attitude towards the trolley problem: a war hero would probably push the fat man onto the tracks, because losing one potential fighter is preferable to losing five of them. whereas an ideal hero would probably do nothing, because most societies condemn deliberate harming of others more strongly than inaction that leads to death by unfortunate circumstances. In other words, the war hero is guided by utility optimization, whereas the ideal hero is all about constraint satisfaction.
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| == References == | | == References == |