Trusted, Automoderated users
17,538
edits
(this section was mostly mislead as the vast majority of functional mutations are deleterious) |
|||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
A genetic '''mutation''' occurs when mistakes are made during copying/[[reproductive success|reproduction]] of DNA and/or chromosomes. | A genetic '''mutation''' occurs when mistakes are made during copying/[[reproductive success|reproduction]] of DNA and/or chromosomes. | ||
Mutations may be beneficial, neutral or deleterious (bad) for the organism. | Mutations may be beneficial, neutral or deleterious (bad) for the organism. Around 95% of mutations have no significant immediate effect or are neutral, and most remaining ones are deleterious.<ref>http://www.cs.unc.edu/~plaisted/ce/genetics.html</ref><ref>http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/mutations.html#Q1</ref> Mutations are unavoidable and they are necessary for evolution to work at all. Natural and [[sexual selection]] decide which phenotypes will be prevalent in future generations and which mutations will become fixed (meaning highly prevalent in the gene pool). | ||
Older parents produce more mutated offspring.<ref>https://www.bionews.org.uk/page_96182</ref> There is also evidence that the mutation rate is much higher in human males (up to 6 times higher), which has also been found in other species such as birds.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10978293</ref><ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959437X02003544?via%3Dihub</ref> This has lead to a hypothesis of evolution being largely driven by mutations in the male germline. This finding is heavily contested however. | Older parents produce more mutated offspring.<ref>https://www.bionews.org.uk/page_96182</ref> There is also evidence that the mutation rate is much higher in human males (up to 6 times higher), which has also been found in other species such as birds.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10978293</ref><ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959437X02003544?via%3Dihub</ref> This has lead to a hypothesis of evolution being largely driven by mutations in the male germline. This finding is heavily contested however. | ||
Line 46: | Line 46: | ||
Autistsm is a neurological disorder much more likely to happen to offspring who's parents were 35 or older at the time of conception, which may suggest incels tend to have older parents.<ref>https://www.spectrumnews.org/news/parental-age-different-impact-autism-schizophrenia/</ref> | Autistsm is a neurological disorder much more likely to happen to offspring who's parents were 35 or older at the time of conception, which may suggest incels tend to have older parents.<ref>https://www.spectrumnews.org/news/parental-age-different-impact-autism-schizophrenia/</ref> | ||
== | == Some mutations are good == | ||
People are | Even though the vast majority is deleterious, some mutations are good. An example is the ACTN3 gene giving West African sprinters faster fast-twitch muscle fibers and therefore a faster sprint spreed. | ||
Ugly mutations of physical appearance do rarely warrant reasons for concern as ugliness is only weakly related with disease. However, various genetic diseases, functional and intellectual impairment do warrant concern and reduce overall population viability if maintained in the gene pool (dysgenics). Fortunately, we will possibly be able to remove such diseases via gene editing in near future.<ref>https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/08/02/540975224/scientists-precisely-edit-dna-in-human-embryos-to-fix-a-disease-gene?t=1577487765548</ref> | |||
Even though some mutations are beneficial, the news media only focus on deleterious mutations, presumably because bad news is more attention grabbing.<ref>https://www.adweek.com/digital/bad-news-negative-headlines-get-much-more-attention/</ref> People are also hardwired to bully mutants to increase their own [[reproductive success]].<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0886260515593546</ref><ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301670151_Adolescent_Bullying_in_Schools_An_Evolutionary_Perspective</ref> | |||
== References == | == References == |