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→Women rate 80% of men as "below medium", while men rate women on a bell curve
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===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_rate_80.25_of_men_as_.22below_average.22.2C_while_men_rate_women_on_a_bell_curve">Women rate 80% of men as "below medium", while men rate women on a bell curve</span>=== | ===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_rate_80.25_of_men_as_.22below_average.22.2C_while_men_rate_women_on_a_bell_curve">Women rate 80% of men as "below medium", while men rate women on a bell curve</span>=== | ||
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In 2009, the dating site OkCupid published a blog article titled "Your Looks and Your Inbox" in which they analyzed the messaging patterns of their userbase broken down by sex. They found that while men rated women on a bell curve distribution, women rated 80% of men as below medium (<5/10). This data was further analyzed for the book Dataclysm (2014) by OkCupid founder Christian Rudder, providing a more detailed graphing of the original data, demonstrated below, converted to a 0 to 10 rating scale. Christian Rudder expounded on his findings in an interview in 2014, available [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_islsqquXAo&feature=youtu.be&t=2161 here]. | |||
Many in the [[manosphere]] mistook the blog article as solid evidence of [[hypergamy]]. However, it is not as straight forward: The blog article mentions that "two-thirds of male messages go to the best-looking third of women. So basically, guys are fighting each other 2-for-1 for the absolute best-rated females, while plenty of potentially charming, even cute, girls go unwritten." Further, "women shift their expectations only just slightly ahead […], which is a healthier pattern than guys’". They did however not quantify this differences. Another study by Bruch & Newman (2018) also found both men and women aim up, but not a large sex difference. Few aim excessively high which is in agreement with observations made K. Grammer: "If she is too attractive he might consider his chances low and accordingly refrain from courting in order to save face." (see Eibl-Eibesfeldt 2017, ch. 4.5, p. 239). | |||
Sex differences in attractiveness ratings of similar magnitude (around d = 1.0) have been also found in other contexts but online dating, e.g. students rating photos of celebrities (Marshall & Wasserman, 1997), students rating one another in person (Birnbaum, 2014; Benedixen, 2019) and students rating photos from an online dating website (Wood, 2009). The effect may be partly explained by women putting more effort in their appearance, but women are also evaluated more favorably regarding all sorts of traits besides physical appearance by both men and women, an effect known as the ''"women are wonderful effect"'' (Eagly, 1991). This suggests that male OkCupid users are likely not less attractive that other men. This point is further supported by an experiment conducted by Rudder in which he let male users rate one another and where the distribution of ratings did not show the skew towards the bottom end one can observe in ratings by women (see the interview linked above). | Sex differences in attractiveness ratings of similar magnitude (around d = 1.0) have been also found in other contexts but online dating, e.g. students rating photos of celebrities (Marshall & Wasserman, 1997), students rating one another in person (Birnbaum, 2014; Benedixen, 2019) and students rating photos from an online dating website (Wood, 2009). The effect may be partly explained by women putting more effort in their appearance, but women are also evaluated more favorably regarding all sorts of traits besides physical appearance by both men and women, an effect known as the ''"women are wonderful effect"'' (Eagly, 1991). This suggests that male OkCupid users are likely not less attractive that other men. This point is further supported by an experiment conducted by Rudder in which he let male users rate one another and where the distribution of ratings did not show the skew towards the bottom end one can observe in ratings by women (see the interview linked above). | ||
Rudder also found that women receive 8 times as many messages per week as men even though the sex ratio of active users is roughly equal. In the second graph below one can see that this roughly holds true across all percentiles of looks. An analysis of the slopes suggests that both men and women care roughly to the same extent about looks, but women are overall much more passive in their dating behavior. | One important fact that was missing from the . Rudder also found that women receive 8 times as many messages per week as men even though the sex ratio of active users is roughly equal. In the second graph below one can see that this roughly holds true across all percentiles of looks. An analysis of the slopes suggests that both men and women care roughly to the same extent about looks, but women are overall much more passive in their dating behavior. | ||
The least attractive women receive as many messages as way above average men and the number of messages the least attractive men receive is very small (just about 0.3 to 0.4 messages per week). The least attractive women receive 1-2 messages per week. If there is a lowest threshold of attractiveness below which waiting for an opportunity in online dating is practically futile, this will certainly affect unattractive men much more than unattractive women. | The least attractive women receive as many messages as way above average men and the number of messages the least attractive men receive is very small (just about 0.3 to 0.4 messages per week). The least attractive women receive 1-2 messages per week. If there is a lowest threshold of attractiveness below which waiting for an opportunity in online dating is practically futile, this will certainly affect unattractive men much more than unattractive women. Men have fewer options to choose from, so they more likely make compromises and hence date down (see [[hypergamy]]). | ||
<span style="font-size:125%">'''Data:'''</span> | <span style="font-size:125%">'''Data:'''</span> | ||
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* Birnbaum G E, et al. 2014. ''Why Do Men Prefer Nice Women? Gender Typicality Mediates the Effect of Responsiveness on Perceived Attractiveness in Initial Acquaintanceships.'' [[http://doi.org/10.1177/0146167214543879 Abstract]] [[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.909.5408&rep=rep1&type=pdf FullText]] | * Birnbaum G E, et al. 2014. ''Why Do Men Prefer Nice Women? Gender Typicality Mediates the Effect of Responsiveness on Perceived Attractiveness in Initial Acquaintanceships.'' [[http://doi.org/10.1177/0146167214543879 Abstract]] [[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.909.5408&rep=rep1&type=pdf FullText]] | ||
* Wood D, Brumbaugh C C. 2009. ''Using Revealed Mate Preferences to Evaluate Market Force and Differential Preference Explanations for Mate Selection.'' [[http://doi.org/10.1037/a0015 Abstract]] [[https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0cb0/ad55235f09832dc9f28d1bbde9e86ea1a402.pdf FullText]] | * Wood D, Brumbaugh C C. 2009. ''Using Revealed Mate Preferences to Evaluate Market Force and Differential Preference Explanations for Mate Selection.'' [[http://doi.org/10.1037/a0015 Abstract]] [[https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0cb0/ad55235f09832dc9f28d1bbde9e86ea1a402.pdf FullText]] | ||
* Bruch EE, Newman ME. 2018. ''Aspirational pursuit of mates in online dating markets.'' Science Advances. 4(8):eaap9815. [[https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/advances/4/8/eaap9815.full.pdf FullText]] | |||
* Eibl-Eibesfeldt. 2017. ''Human ethology.'' Routledge [[https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=-CExDwAAQBAJ GoogleBooks]] | |||
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_prefer_men_with_high_income_and_high_educational_status">Women prefer men with high income and high educational status</span>=== | ===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_prefer_men_with_high_income_and_high_educational_status">Women prefer men with high income and high educational status</span>=== | ||