Scientific Blackpill (Supplemental): Difference between revisions

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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
* [[https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167218781000 Abstract]]
*Gul P, Kupfer TR. 2019. ''Benevolent Sexism and Mate Preferences: Why Do Women Prefer Benevolent Men Despite Recognizing That They Can Be Undermining?'' [[https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167218781000 Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="The_.22Gender_Pay_Gap.22_does_not_exist">The "Gender Pay Gap" does not exist</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="The_.22Gender_Pay_Gap.22_does_not_exist">The "Gender Pay Gap" does not exist</span>===
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* [[https://incels.co/threads/scientists-agree-feminists-are-wrong-men-are-more-disadvantaged-than-women-feminists-btfo.99671/ Discussion]]
* [[https://incels.co/threads/scientists-agree-feminists-are-wrong-men-are-more-disadvantaged-than-women-feminists-btfo.99671/ Discussion]]
* [[https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205349 Abstract]]
*Stoet G, Geary DC. 2019. ''A simplified approach to measuring national gender inequality'' [[https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205349 Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Countries_with_pronounced_feminist_policies_have_fewer_women_in_leadership_positions">Countries with pronounced feminist policies have fewer women in leadership positions</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Countries_with_pronounced_feminist_policies_have_fewer_women_in_leadership_positions">Countries with pronounced feminist policies have fewer women in leadership positions</span>===
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Abstract from the paper: Four experiments confirmed that women's automatic in-group bias is remarkably stronger than men's and investigated explanations for this sex difference, derived from potential sources of implicit attitudes (L. A. Rudman, 2004). In Experiment 1, only women (not men) showed cognitive balance among in-group bias, identity, and self-esteem (A. G. Greenwald et al., 2002), revealing that men lack a mechanism that bolsters automatic own group preference. Experiments 2 and 3 found pro-female bias to the extent that participants automatically favored their mothers over their fathers or associated male gender with violence, suggesting that maternal bonding and male intimidation influence gender attitudes. Experiment 4 showed that for sexually experienced men, the more positive their attitude was toward sex, the more they implicitly favored women. In concert, the findings help to explain sex differences in automatic in-group bias and underscore the uniqueness of gender for intergroup relations theorists. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Abstract from the paper: Four experiments confirmed that women's automatic in-group bias is remarkably stronger than men's and investigated explanations for this sex difference, derived from potential sources of implicit attitudes (L. A. Rudman, 2004). In Experiment 1, only women (not men) showed cognitive balance among in-group bias, identity, and self-esteem (A. G. Greenwald et al., 2002), revealing that men lack a mechanism that bolsters automatic own group preference. Experiments 2 and 3 found pro-female bias to the extent that participants automatically favored their mothers over their fathers or associated male gender with violence, suggesting that maternal bonding and male intimidation influence gender attitudes. Experiment 4 showed that for sexually experienced men, the more positive their attitude was toward sex, the more they implicitly favored women. In concert, the findings help to explain sex differences in automatic in-group bias and underscore the uniqueness of gender for intergroup relations theorists. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)


* [[http://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.4.494 Abstract]]
*Rudman LA, Goodwin SA. 2004. ''Gender differences in automatic in-group bias: Why do women like women more than men like men?'' [[http://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.4.494 Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_report_lower_job_satisfaction_working_under_a_female_boss.2C_men_don.27t">Women report lower job satisfaction working under a female boss, men don't</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_report_lower_job_satisfaction_working_under_a_female_boss.2C_men_don.27t">Women report lower job satisfaction working under a female boss, men don't</span>===
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
* [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2016.09.003 Abstract]]
*Artz B, Taengnoi S. 2016. ''Do women prefer female bosses?'' [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2016.09.003 Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_report_greater_levels_of_incivility_at_work_from_other_women">Women report greater levels of incivility at work from other women</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_report_greater_levels_of_incivility_at_work_from_other_women">Women report greater levels of incivility at work from other women</span>===
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>


* [[http://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000289 Abstract]]
*Gabriel AS, Butts MM, Yuan Z, Rosen RL, Sliter MT. 2018. ''Further understanding incivility in the workplace: The effects of gender, agency, and communion'' [[http://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000289 Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Competitive_women_are_more_likely_to_.27slut_shame.27_sexual_rivals">Competitive women are more likely to 'slut shame' sexual rivals</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Competitive_women_are_more_likely_to_.27slut_shame.27_sexual_rivals">Competitive women are more likely to 'slut shame' sexual rivals</span>===
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>


* [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.03.011 Abstract]]
*Reynolds T, Baumeister RF, Maner JK. 2018. ''Competitive reputation manipulation: Women strategically transmit social information about romantic rivals'' [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.03.011 Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="High_ranking_women_are_less_generous_towards_same_sex_subordinates_then_men">High ranking women are less generous towards same sex subordinates then men</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="High_ranking_women_are_less_generous_towards_same_sex_subordinates_then_men">High ranking women are less generous towards same sex subordinates then men</span>===
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>


* [[http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185408 Abstract]]
*Markovits H, Gauthier E, Gagnon-St-Pierre É, Benenson JF. 2017. ''High status males invest more than high status females in lower status same-sex collaborators'' [[http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185408 Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Self-rated_female_happiness_has_been_declining_since_the_1970s_in_the_US">Self-rated female happiness has been declining since the 1970s in the US</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Self-rated_female_happiness_has_been_declining_since_the_1970s_in_the_US">Self-rated female happiness has been declining since the 1970s in the US</span>===
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>


* [[http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1991.tb00792.x Abstract]]
*Eagly AH, Mladinic A, Otto S. 1991. ''ARE WOMEN EVALUATED MORE FAVORABLY THAN MEN? An Analysis of Attitudes, Beliefs, and Emotions'' [[http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1991.tb00792.x Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="It_is_not_men_who_suppress_female_sexuality_but_women">It is not men who suppress female sexuality but women</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="It_is_not_men_who_suppress_female_sexuality_but_women">It is not men who suppress female sexuality but women</span>===
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https://quillette.com/2018/11/25/on-the-nature-of-patriarchy/
https://quillette.com/2018/11/25/on-the-nature-of-patriarchy/


* [[http://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2018.06.006 Abstract]]
*Blake KR, Fourati M, Brooks RC. 2018. ''Who suppresses female sexuality? An examination of support for Islamic veiling in a secular Muslim democracy as a function of sex and offspring sex'' [[http://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2018.06.006 Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Gender-biased_grading_accounts_for_21_percent_of_boys_falling_behind_girls_in_math_during_middle_school"> Gender-biased grading accounts for 21 percent of boys falling behind girls in math during middle school </span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Gender-biased_grading_accounts_for_21_percent_of_boys_falling_behind_girls_in_math_during_middle_school"> Gender-biased grading accounts for 21 percent of boys falling behind girls in math during middle school </span>===
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* ''Another important family-related finding indicates that female relatives were generally more likely than male relatives to be named as either difficult-only ties or as difficult engaged-in-exchange ties''.
* ''Another important family-related finding indicates that female relatives were generally more likely than male relatives to be named as either difficult-only ties or as difficult engaged-in-exchange ties''.


* [[http://doi.org/10.1177/0003122417737951 Abstract]]
*Offer S, Fischer CS. 2018. ''Difficult People: Who Is Perceived to Be Demanding in Personal Networks and Why Are They There?'' [[http://doi.org/10.1177/0003122417737951 Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_strategically_manipulate_other_women.27s_reputation_to_win_out_attracting_the_attention_from_males">Women strategically manipulate other women's reputation to win out attracting the attention from men</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_strategically_manipulate_other_women.27s_reputation_to_win_out_attracting_the_attention_from_males">Women strategically manipulate other women's reputation to win out attracting the attention from men</span>===
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>


* [[http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.03.011 Abstract]]
*Reynolds T, Baumeister RF, Maner JK. 2018. ''Competitive reputation manipulation: Women strategically transmit social information about romantic rivals'' [[http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.03.011 Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_gossip_significantly_more_about_physical_appearance_then_men">Women gossip significantly more about physical appearance then men</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_gossip_significantly_more_about_physical_appearance_then_men">Women gossip significantly more about physical appearance then men</span>===
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>


* [[http://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-012-0160-4 Abstract]]
*Watson DC. 2012. ''Gender Differences in Gossip and Friendship'' [[http://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-012-0160-4 Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_are_twice_as_talkative_in_small_groups_than_men">Women are twice as talkative in small groups than men</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_are_twice_as_talkative_in_small_groups_than_men">Women are twice as talkative in small groups than men</span>===
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>


* [[http://doi.org/10.1038/srep05604 Abstract]]
*Onnela JP, Waber BN, Pentland A, Schnorf S, Lazer D. 2014. ''Using sociometers to quantify social interaction patterns'' [[http://doi.org/10.1038/srep05604 Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_gossip_2.5_times_as_much_about_friends_and_close_acquaintances_than_men">Women gossip 2.5 times as much about friends and close acquaintances than men</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_gossip_2.5_times_as_much_about_friends_and_close_acquaintances_than_men">Women gossip 2.5 times as much about friends and close acquaintances than men</span>===
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>


* [[http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00287594 Abstract]]
*Levin J, Arluke A. 1985. ''An exploratory analysis of sex differences in gossip'' [[http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00287594 Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_prefer_to_talk.2C_men_prefer_to_do_things">Women prefer to talk, men prefer to do things</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_prefer_to_talk.2C_men_prefer_to_do_things">Women prefer to talk, men prefer to do things</span>===
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>


* [[http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00287568 Abstract]]
*Caldwell MA, Peplau LA. 1982. ''Sex differences in same-sex friendship'' [[http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00287568 Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_are_less_cooperative_towards_their_own_sex_than_men_in_the_iterated_prisoner.27s_dilemma">Women are less cooperative towards their own sex than men in the iterated prisoner's dilemma</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_are_less_cooperative_towards_their_own_sex_than_men_in_the_iterated_prisoner.27s_dilemma">Women are less cooperative towards their own sex than men in the iterated prisoner's dilemma</span>===
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>


* [[http://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2018.04.014 Abstract]]
*Colman AM, Pulford BD, Krockow EM. 2018. ''Persistent cooperation and gender differences in repeated Prisoner's Dilemma games: Some things never change'' [[http://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2018.04.014 Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_are_more_likely_to_socially_exclude_others_as_early_as_age_six">Women are more likely to socially exclude others as early as age six</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_are_more_likely_to_socially_exclude_others_as_early_as_age_six">Women are more likely to socially exclude others as early as age six</span>===
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>


* [[https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0079 Abstract]]
*Benenson JF. 2013. ''The development of human female competition: Allies and adversaries'' [[https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0079 Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_who_engage_in_BDSM_as_.27submissives.27_have_lower_levels_of_empathy">Women who engage in BDSM as 'submissives' have lower levels of empathy</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_who_engage_in_BDSM_as_.27submissives.27_have_lower_levels_of_empathy">Women who engage in BDSM as 'submissives' have lower levels of empathy</span>===
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>


* [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.01.027 Abstract]]
*Luo S, Zhang X. 2018. ''Empathy in female submissive BDSM practitioners'' [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.01.027 Abstract]]


<span style="font-size:125%">'''Quotes:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''Quotes:'''</span>
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>


* [[http://doi.org/10.1177/1077801211424555 Abstract]]
*Romito P, Beltramini L. 2011. ''Watching pornography: Gender differences, violence and victimization. an exploratory study in Italy'' [[http://doi.org/10.1177/1077801211424555 Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_have_a_greater_anti-women_bias_in_scientific_peer_review_than_men">Women have a greater anti-women bias in scientific peer review than men</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_have_a_greater_anti-women_bias_in_scientific_peer_review_than_men">Women have a greater anti-women bias in scientific peer review than men</span>===
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>


* [[http://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2016.02.017 Abstract]]
*Krawczyk M, Smyk M. 2016. ''Author׳s gender affects rating of academic articles: Evidence from an incentivized, deception-free laboratory experiment'' [[http://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2016.02.017 Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_are_interrupted_the_most_by_other_women.2C_not_by_men">Women are interrupted the most by other women, not by men</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_are_interrupted_the_most_by_other_women.2C_not_by_men">Women are interrupted the most by other women, not by men</span>===
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
* [[https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X14533197 Abstract]]
*Hancock AB, Rubin BA. 2015. ''Influence of Communication Partner’s Gender on Language'' [[https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X14533197 Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_are_angrier_in_intrasexual_conflicts_than_men_and_need_more_time_for_conflict_resolution">Women are angrier in intrasexual conflicts than men and need more time for conflict resolution</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_are_angrier_in_intrasexual_conflicts_than_men_and_need_more_time_for_conflict_resolution">Women are angrier in intrasexual conflicts than men and need more time for conflict resolution</span>===
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>


* [[http://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-014-9198-z Abstract]]
*Benenson JF, Kuhn MN, Ryan PJ, Ferranti AJ, Blondin R, Shea M, Charpentier C, Thompson ME, Wrangham RW. 2014. ''Human Males Appear More Prepared Than Females to Resolve Conflicts with Same-Sex Peers'' [[http://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-014-9198-z Abstract]]


==<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:40px; font-weight: normal;">''Hypergamy''</span>==
==<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:40px; font-weight: normal;">''Hypergamy''</span>==
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85% of female medical students answered "As my status increases, my pool of acceptable partners decreases". In contrast, 90% of men stated their pool would increase.
85% of female medical students answered "As my status increases, my pool of acceptable partners decreases". In contrast, 90% of men stated their pool would increase.


* [[http://doi.org/10.1007/bf01541424 Abstract]]
*Townsend JM. 1987. ''Sex differences in sexuality among medical students: Effects of increasing socioeconomic status'' [[http://doi.org/10.1007/bf01541424 Abstract]]


In a large US sample, high status men (especially of lower IQ) have ~18% more children compared to low status men, whereas high status women have ~40% fewer children compared to low status women.
In a large US sample, high status men (especially of lower IQ) have ~18% more children compared to low status men, whereas high status women have ~40% fewer children compared to low status women.


* [[http://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.07.004  Abstract]]
*Hopcroft RL. 2006. ''Sex, status, and reproductive success in the contemporary United States'' [[http://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.07.004  Abstract]]


A similar effect has been found in 33 different countries.
A similar effect has been found in 33 different countries.


* [[http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1606800113 Abstract]]
*Von Rueden CR, Jaeggi AV. 2016. ''Men's status and reproductive success in 33 nonindustrial societies: Effects of subsistence, marriage system, and reproductive strategy'' [[http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1606800113 Abstract]]


A similar effect has also been found in pre-industrial societies.
A similar effect has also been found in pre-industrial societies.


* [[http://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190299323.013.29 Abstract]]
*Fieder M, Huber S. 2018. ''Evolution and human reproduction'' [[http://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190299323.013.29 Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_.28and_men.29_pay_more_attention_to_high_status_men.2C_not_high_status_women">Women (and men) pay more attention to high status men, not high status women</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_.28and_men.29_pay_more_attention_to_high_status_men.2C_not_high_status_women">Women (and men) pay more attention to high status men, not high status women</span>===
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>


* [[http://doi.org/10.1177/147470490800600209 Abstract]]
*DeWall CN, Maner JK. 2008. ''High Status Men (but Not Women) Capture the Eye of the Beholder'' [[http://doi.org/10.1177/147470490800600209 Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Brazil_women.27s_preference_for_wealthy_men_was_unchanged_over_30_years_despite_feminism">Brazil women's preference for wealthy men was unchanged over 30 years despite feminism</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Brazil_women.27s_preference_for_wealthy_men_was_unchanged_over_30_years_despite_feminism">Brazil women's preference for wealthy men was unchanged over 30 years despite feminism</span>===
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>


* [[http://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.053 Abstract]]
*Souza AL, Conroy-Beam D, Buss DM. 2016. ''Mate preferences in Brazil: Evolved desires and cultural evolution over three decades'' [[http://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.053 Abstract]]


* [[http://doi.org/10.1007/s40806-016-0048-6 Abstract]]
*Bech-Sørensen J, Pollet TV. 2016. ''Sex Differences in Mate Preferences: a Replication Study, 20 Years Later'' [[http://doi.org/10.1007/s40806-016-0048-6 Abstract]]


==<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:40px; font-weight: normal;">''Stoicism''</span>==
==<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:40px; font-weight: normal;">''Stoicism''</span>==
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>


* [[http://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2015.02.005 Abstract]]
*Rusch H, Leunissen JM, van Vugt M. 2014. ''Historical and experimental evidence of sexual selection for war heroism'' [[http://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2015.02.005 Abstract]]


==<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:40px; font-weight: normal;">''Crime''</span>==
==<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:40px; font-weight: normal;">''Crime''</span>==
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'''Lighter Sentences'''
'''Lighter Sentences'''


* [[http://doi.org/10.1007/s12147-015-9142-5 Abstract]]
*Gibson JL, Gore JS. 2015. ''You’re OK Until You Misbehave: How Norm Violations Magnify the Attractiveness Devil Effect'' [[http://doi.org/10.1007/s12147-015-9142-5 Abstract]]


Meta-analysis:
Meta-analysis:
* [[http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb01552.x Abstract]]
*Mazzella R, Feingold A. 1994. ''The Effects of Physical Attractiveness, Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Gender of Defendants and Victims on Judgments of Mock Jurors: A Meta‐Analysis'' [[http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb01552.x Abstract]]


Observational study:
Observational study:
* [[http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1980.tb00715.x Abstract]]
*Stewart JE. 1980. ''Defendant's Attractiveness as a Factor in the Outcome of Criminal Trials: An Observational Study'' [[http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1980.tb00715.x Abstract]]


'''Lighter Bail'''
'''Lighter Bail'''


* [[http://doi.org/10.1177/0146167291175009 Abstract]]
*Downs AC, Lyons PM. 1991. ''Natural Observations of the Links between Attractiveness and Initial Legal Judgments'' [[http://doi.org/10.1177/0146167291175009 Abstract]]


Less likely to be arrested or convicted:
Less likely to be arrested or convicted:
* [[http://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2019.1618750 Abstract]]
*Beaver KM, Boccio C, Smith S, Ferguson CJ. 2019. ''Physical attractiveness and criminal justice processing: results from a longitudinal sample of youth and young adults'' [[http://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2019.1618750 Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Ugly_people_are_more_likely_to_become_criminals">Ugly people are more likely to become criminals</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Ugly_people_are_more_likely_to_become_criminals">Ugly people are more likely to become criminals</span>===
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>


* [[http://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3324 Abstract]]
*Dytham S. 2018. ''The role of popular girls in bullying and intimidating boys and other popular girls in secondary school'' [[http://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3324 Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Fathers_are_more_attentive_and_care_more_for_daughters_than_sons">Fathers are more attentive and care more for daughters than sons</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Fathers_are_more_attentive_and_care_more_for_daughters_than_sons">Fathers are more attentive and care more for daughters than sons</span>===
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>


* [[http://doi.org/10.1037/bne0000199 Abstract]] [[https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/bne-bne0000199.pdf FullText]]
*Mascaro JS, Rentscher KE, Hackett PD, Mehl MR, Rilling JK. 2017. ''Child gender influences paternal behavior, language, and brain function'' [[http://doi.org/10.1037/bne0000199 Abstract]] [[https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/bne-bne0000199.pdf FullText]]
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Men_are_typically_stereotyped_as_aggressors.2C_and_women_are_stereotyped_as_victims">Men are typically stereotyped as aggressors, and women are stereotyped as victims</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Men_are_typically_stereotyped_as_aggressors.2C_and_women_are_stereotyped_as_victims">Men are typically stereotyped as aggressors, and women are stereotyped as victims</span>===
<div class="navbar" style="padding-left: 4px; margin-top: 3px; background: #EAEAEA; color: #555; border-top: 2px solid #444; border-bottom: 1px solid #444; font-size: 13px">[[#Men_are_typically_stereotyped_as_aggressors.2C_and_women_are_stereotyped_as_victims|permalink]] | [[#tocMisandry|category: Misandry]] | [[#tocMen_are_typically_stereotyped_as_aggressors.2C_and_women_are_stereotyped_as_victims|table of contents]]</div>
<div class="navbar" style="padding-left: 4px; margin-top: 3px; background: #EAEAEA; color: #555; border-top: 2px solid #444; border-bottom: 1px solid #444; font-size: 13px">[[#Men_are_typically_stereotyped_as_aggressors.2C_and_women_are_stereotyped_as_victims|permalink]] | [[#tocMisandry|category: Misandry]] | [[#tocMen_are_typically_stereotyped_as_aggressors.2C_and_women_are_stereotyped_as_victims|table of contents]]</div>
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>


* [[http://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2019.15459abstract Abstract]]
*Reynolds T, Howard C, Sjåstad H, Zhu L, Okimoto TG, Baumeister R, Aquino K, Kim J. 2019. ''Man Up and Take It: Gender Bias in Moral Typecasting'' [[http://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2019.15459abstract Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Boys_put_less_effort_into_schoolwork.2C_because_effort_is_viewed_as_feminine">Boys put less effort into schoolwork, because effort is viewed as feminine</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Boys_put_less_effort_into_schoolwork.2C_because_effort_is_viewed_as_feminine">Boys put less effort into schoolwork, because effort is viewed as feminine</span>===
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>


* [[http://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-016-0683-1 Abstract]]
*Heyder A, Kessels U. 2017. ''Boys Don’t Work? On the Psychological Benefits of Showing Low Effort in High School'' [[http://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-016-0683-1 Abstract]]


==<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:40px; font-weight: normal;">''Looks''</span>==
==<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:40px; font-weight: normal;">''Looks''</span>==
Line 515: Line 515:
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>


* [[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12022 Abstract]] [[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/10/131024220918.htm News]]
*Bascandziev I, Harris PL. 2014. ''In beauty we trust: Children prefer information from more attractive informants'' [[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12022 Abstract]] [[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/10/131024220918.htm News]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Good_looking_people_are_perceived_to_have_a_higher_intellect_and_a_better_personality">Good looking people are perceived to have a higher intellect and a better personality</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Good_looking_people_are_perceived_to_have_a_higher_intellect_and_a_better_personality">Good looking people are perceived to have a higher intellect and a better personality</span>===
Line 526: Line 526:
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>


* [[http://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.110.1.109 Abstract]]
*Eagly AH, Ashmore RD, Makhijani MG, Longo LC. 1991. ''What Is Beautiful Is Good, But...: A Meta-Analytic Review of Research on the Physical Attractiveness Stereotype'' [[http://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.110.1.109 Abstract]]
* [[http://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.111.2.304 Abstract]]
*Feingold A. 1992. ''Good-Looking People Are Not What We Think'' [[http://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.111.2.304 Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Physically_attractive_individuals_are_more_optimistic">Physically attractive individuals are more optimistic</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Physically_attractive_individuals_are_more_optimistic">Physically attractive individuals are more optimistic</span>===
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>


* [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2018.01.006 Abstract]]
*Urbatsch R. 2018. ''Things are looking up: Physical beauty, social mobility, and optimistic dispositions'' [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2018.01.006 Abstract]]


==<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:40px; font-weight: normal;">''Face''</span>==
==<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:40px; font-weight: normal;">''Face''</span>==
Line 546: Line 546:


<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
* [[https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39350-8 Abstract]]
*Marcinkowska UM, Rantala MJ, Lee AJ, Kozlov MV, Aavik T, Cai H, Contreras-Garduño J, David OA, Kaminski G, Li NP, Onyishi IE, Prasai K, Pazhoohi F, Prokop P, Cardozo SL, Sydney N, Taniguchi H, Krams I, Dixson BJ. 2019. ''Women’s preferences for men’s facial masculinity are strongest under favorable ecological conditions'' [[https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39350-8 Abstract]]


==<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:40px; font-weight: normal;">''Height''</span>==
==<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:40px; font-weight: normal;">''Height''</span>==
Line 577: Line 577:


<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
* [[http://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0290 Abstract]]
*Henrich J, Boyd R, Richerson PJ. 2012. ''The puzzle of monogamous marriage'' [[http://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0290 Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Young_men_in_polygynous_societies_are_more_prone_to_violence_than_those_in_monogamous_ones">Young men in polygynous societies are more prone to violence than those in monogamous ones</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Young_men_in_polygynous_societies_are_more_prone_to_violence_than_those_in_monogamous_ones">Young men in polygynous societies are more prone to violence than those in monogamous ones</span>===
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>


* [[http://doi.org/10.1177/0022002719859636 Abstract]]
*Koos C, Neupert-Wentz C. 2019. ''Polygynous Neighbors, Excess Men, and Intergroup Conflict in Rural Africa'' [[http://doi.org/10.1177/0022002719859636 Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Serial_monogamy_increases_reproductive_success_in_men_but_not_in_women">Serial monogamy increases reproductive success in men but not in women</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Serial_monogamy_increases_reproductive_success_in_men_but_not_in_women">Serial monogamy increases reproductive success in men but not in women</span>===
Line 605: Line 605:


<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
* [[https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-103408 Abstract]]
*Buss DM, Schmitt DP. 2019. ''Mate Preferences and Their Behavioral Manifestations'' [[https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-103408 Abstract]]


==<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:40px; font-weight: normal;">''Cucks''</span>==
==<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:40px; font-weight: normal;">''Cucks''</span>==
Line 615: Line 615:
* ''The rate of sexual infidelity prior to deployment (21%) was commensurate with the lifetime rate of sexual involvement outside the marriage in representative community samples of men. Across the deployment period, the prevalence of sexual infidelity was strikingly high (22.6%) compared with annual community estimates (1.5-4%; Allen et al., 2005).''
* ''The rate of sexual infidelity prior to deployment (21%) was commensurate with the lifetime rate of sexual involvement outside the marriage in representative community samples of men. Across the deployment period, the prevalence of sexual infidelity was strikingly high (22.6%) compared with annual community estimates (1.5-4%; Allen et al., 2005).''


* [[http://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000281 Abstract]]
*Balderrama-Durbin C, Stanton K, Snyder DK, Cigrang JA, Talcott GW, Slep AM, Heyman RE, Cassidy DG. 2017. ''The risk for marital infidelity across a year-long deployment'' [[http://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000281 Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_partnered_to_low_income_men_are_more_prone_to_infidelity">Women partnered to low income men are more prone to infidelity</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Women_partnered_to_low_income_men_are_more_prone_to_infidelity">Women partnered to low income men are more prone to infidelity</span>===
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>


* [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-012-9930-x Abstract]]
*Zhang N, Parish WL, Huang Y, Pan S. 2012. ''Sexual infidelity in China: Prevalence and gender-specific correlates'' [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-012-9930-x Abstract]]


==<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:40px; font-weight: normal;">''Tinder''</span>==
==<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:40px; font-weight: normal;">''Tinder''</span>==
Line 638: Line 638:


<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
* [[http://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000297 Abstract]]
*Sevi B. 2019. ''The Dark Side of Tinder: The Dark Triad of Personality as Correlates of Tinder Use'' [[http://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000297 Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Female_tinder_users_have_a_172.25_higher_chance_of_.27hooking_up.27_with_a_male_user_then_vice_versa">Female tinder users have a 172% higher chance of 'hooking up' with a male user then vice versa</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Female_tinder_users_have_a_172.25_higher_chance_of_.27hooking_up.27_with_a_male_user_then_vice_versa">Female tinder users have a 172% higher chance of 'hooking up' with a male user then vice versa</span>===
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
* [[https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2017.18 Abstract]]
*Peterson RD, Palmer CL. 2017. ''Effects of physical attractiveness on political beliefs'' [[https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2017.18 Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Physically_weak_men_prefer_socialism.2C_physically_strong_men_do_not">Physically weak men prefer socialism, physically strong men do not</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Physically_weak_men_prefer_socialism.2C_physically_strong_men_do_not">Physically weak men prefer socialism, physically strong men do not</span>===
Line 676: Line 676:


<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
* [[http://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2018.06.009 Abstract]]
*Muggleton NK, Fincher CL. 2018. ''You're not my type: Do conservatives have a bias for seeing long-term mates?'' [[http://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2018.06.009 Abstract]]


===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Political_conservatism_may_be_mediated_by_a_more_monogamous_mating_strategy">Political conservatism may be mediated by a more monogamous mating strategy</span>===
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Political_conservatism_may_be_mediated_by_a_more_monogamous_mating_strategy">Political conservatism may be mediated by a more monogamous mating strategy</span>===
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>


* [[http://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2015.01.006 Abstract]]
*Tybur JM, Inbar Y, Güler E, Molho C. 2015. ''Is the relationship between pathogen avoidance and ideological conservatism explained by sexual strategies?'' [[http://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2015.01.006 Abstract]]


==<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:40px; font-weight: normal;">''Sex''</span>==
==<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:40px; font-weight: normal;">''Sex''</span>==
Line 702: Line 702:
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>


* [[http://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-006-9029-3 Abstract]]
*Provost MP, Kormos C, Kosakoski G, Quinsey VL. 2006. ''Sociosexuality in women and preference for facial masculinization and somatotype in men'' [[http://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-006-9029-3 Abstract]]


==<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:40px; font-weight: normal;">''Health''</span>==
==<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:40px; font-weight: normal;">''Health''</span>==
Line 715: Line 715:


<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span>
* [[http://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-016-9478-3 Abstract]]
*Adamczyk K. 2017. ''Voluntary and Involuntary Singlehood and Young Adults’ Mental Health: an Investigation of Mediating Role of Romantic Loneliness'' [[http://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-016-9478-3 Abstract]]


==<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:40px; font-weight: normal;">''ItsOver''</span>==
==<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:40px; font-weight: normal;">''ItsOver''</span>==
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