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=== [[Strategic pluralism|The dual mating strategy]] === | === [[Strategic pluralism|The dual mating strategy]] === | ||
Dual-mating refers to a hypothesis that women have an innate mating strategy that involves two | Dual-mating refers to a hypothesis that women have an innate mating strategy that involves two mates: One for securing a [[long-term relationship|supportive long-term]] partner (a beta [[cuckold]]), and one to obtain superior genes for the offspring from (an [[Chad|alpha male]]).<ref>http://pillse.bol.ucla.edu/Publications/Pillsworth&Haselton_ARSR.pdf</ref> | ||
In recent time, this hypothesis was used to explain seemingly higher rates of [[cuck|cuckoldry]] | In recent time, this hypothesis was used to explain seemingly higher rates of [[cuck|cuckoldry]] and seemingly increasing rates of beta men providing for single mothers in their 30s or 40s [[pumped and dumped|after]] they had obtained a child from an alpha man ([[alpha fucks, beta bucks]], AF/BB).{{Citation needed}} | ||
More recently | More recently, the dual-mating strategy fell in disfavor for a number of reasons. One reason is that non-paternity rates are globally very low even though contraceptives and relaxed marital norms should make AF/BB much more likely if it was natural.<ref>https://labs.la.utexas.edu/buss/files/2013/02/The-Mate-Switching-Hypothesis-FINAL-PUBLISHED-2017.pdf (see Section 6)</ref> | ||
E.g. only 3% of all children in the U.S. live with a step father.<ref>https://ifstudies.org/blog/more-than-60-of-u-s-kids-live-with-two-biological-parents/</ref> | |||
This suggests, dual-mating was at | This suggests, dual-mating was at best a minor female mating strategy in the past, if it is an evolved adaptation at all. Women are only especially prone to lose sex drive and initiate divorce in relationships in which the man hasn't higher educational status. This may suggest high number of single mothers is likely an outcome of welfare states, women's education, feminism and other socioeconomic circumstances rather than a AF/BB adaptation. | ||
=== Women are children === | === Women are children === |