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The [[Blackpill]] is about understanding the fundamental nature of human social and sexual behavior, especially female mate choice, in the context of more or less immutable traits such as physical attractiveness, physical stature, race, IQ, personality, neurotypicality and socio-economic status. Science provides the best methods by which we can gain this understanding. Although the truth can be uncomfortable at times, it is ultimately more valuable than indulging in wishful thinking. This page summarizes some of the key scientific literature which can help us understand the unvarnished nature of male-female sexual and relationship dynamics. | The [[Blackpill]] is about understanding the fundamental nature of human social and sexual behavior, especially female mate choice, in the context of more or less immutable traits such as physical attractiveness, physical stature, race, IQ, personality, neurotypicality and socio-economic status. Science provides the best methods by which we can gain this understanding. Although the truth can be uncomfortable at times, it is ultimately more valuable than indulging in wishful thinking. This page summarizes some of the key scientific literature which can help us understand the unvarnished nature of male-female sexual and relationship dynamics. | ||
The information presented here is not a matter of opinion or belief, but rather based on rigorous science. It is not intended to push any particular agenda, but rather to educate about human nature without bias. Of course, individual studies with small sample sizes are not necessarily conclusive due to potential [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publication_bias publication bias] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ | The information presented here is not a matter of opinion or belief, but rather based on rigorous science. It is not intended to push any particular agenda, but rather to educate about human nature without bias. Of course, individual studies with small sample sizes are not necessarily conclusive due to potential [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publication_bias publication bias] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observational_error methodological errors]. | ||
But nearly all of the studies presented here are [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ | But nearly all of the studies presented here are [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer_review peer-reviewed], have [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_significance statistical significance], and taken together they provide a compelling body of evidence. | ||
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_study Meta studies] were included whenever possible. | ||
__TOC__ | __TOC__ | ||
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It was found that a greater likelihood of being the perpetrator of bullying behavior was correlated with a greater sexual partner count. However, due to the nature of the study it was impossible to tell if the mediating factor in this relationship was the bullying itself, or the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEXACO_model_of_personality_structure HEXACO] personality traits that are associated with a greater likelihood of engaging in this behavior, specifically the trait 'Honesty-Humility', that was found to being generally lower among bullies. This personality trait has also generally been found to be related to the 'dark triad' traits. | It was found that a greater likelihood of being the perpetrator of bullying behavior was correlated with a greater sexual partner count. However, due to the nature of the study it was impossible to tell if the mediating factor in this relationship was the bullying itself, or the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEXACO_model_of_personality_structure HEXACO] personality traits that are associated with a greater likelihood of engaging in this behavior, specifically the trait 'Honesty-Humility', that was found to being generally lower among bullies. This personality trait has also generally been found to be related to the 'dark triad' traits. | ||
<span style="font-size:125%>'''Quotes:'''</span> | <span style="font-size:125%">'''Quotes:'''</span> | ||
* ''Taken together, results from the present study offer mixed, but generally positive, support for our hypothesis that bullying is an evolutionarily adaptive behavior''. | * ''Taken together, results from the present study offer mixed, but generally positive, support for our hypothesis that bullying is an evolutionarily adaptive behavior''. | ||
* ''The links between bullying and dating/sexual outcomes are (for the most part) not simply a function of common variance with attractiveness and age or sex, although those variables do play a role in dating and sexual behavior''. (Volk et al. 2015) | * ''The links between bullying and dating/sexual outcomes are (for the most part) not simply a function of common variance with attractiveness and age or sex, although those variables do play a role in dating and sexual behavior''. (Volk et al. 2015) | ||
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Therefore, in contradiction to surveys in which women state they have more open and tolerant attitudes towards interracial relationships then men, their actual actions show that they are much less willing to date out of their race than men, except for a tendency for many minority women to be open towards dating or actually preferring to date white men. | Therefore, in contradiction to surveys in which women state they have more open and tolerant attitudes towards interracial relationships then men, their actual actions show that they are much less willing to date out of their race than men, except for a tendency for many minority women to be open towards dating or actually preferring to date white men. | ||
<span style="font-size:125%>'''Quotes:'''</span> | <span style="font-size:125%">'''Quotes:'''</span> | ||
*''Stated from the men’s perspective, white men have the best odds of being contacted by women even if all racial groups are equally represented on the dating website, largely because they are among the top choice groups for Asian, Hispanic, and white women. Asian and black men, on the other hand, receive messages only from their co ethnics.'' | *''Stated from the men’s perspective, white men have the best odds of being contacted by women even if all racial groups are equally represented on the dating website, largely because they are among the top choice groups for Asian, Hispanic, and white women. Asian and black men, on the other hand, receive messages only from their co ethnics.'' | ||
*''Looking first at the responses of Asian women, it becomes clear that, when given a choice, Asian women are most likely to respond to white men, followed by Asian men. They are less likely to respond to Hispanic men or black men. Black women, by contrast, respond to daters who con-tact them fairly equally, with a preference for white men. The responding behavior of Hispanic women is comparable to that of Asian women. They are most responsive to white men, followed by their co-ethnics, and least responsive to black men. White women’s reciprocal behaviors look little different from their sending behaviors. They respond predominantly to white men. In brief, black men are least likely to receive responses from anyone except black women, Hispanic and Asian men are somewhere in the middle, and white men enjoy the highest likelihood of response.'' | *''Looking first at the responses of Asian women, it becomes clear that, when given a choice, Asian women are most likely to respond to white men, followed by Asian men. They are less likely to respond to Hispanic men or black men. Black women, by contrast, respond to daters who con-tact them fairly equally, with a preference for white men. The responding behavior of Hispanic women is comparable to that of Asian women. They are most responsive to white men, followed by their co-ethnics, and least responsive to black men. White women’s reciprocal behaviors look little different from their sending behaviors. They respond predominantly to white men. In brief, black men are least likely to receive responses from anyone except black women, Hispanic and Asian men are somewhere in the middle, and white men enjoy the highest likelihood of response.'' | ||
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* ''In this sense, racial boundaries function similarly to one-way turnstile gates. While non black daters, particularly white men, are well received when they contact daters of other groups, black daters, particularly black women, are largely confined to a segregated dating market.'' | * ''In this sense, racial boundaries function similarly to one-way turnstile gates. While non black daters, particularly white men, are well received when they contact daters of other groups, black daters, particularly black women, are largely confined to a segregated dating market.'' | ||
<span style="font-size:125%>'''References:'''</span> | <span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span> | ||
*Lin K, Lundquist J. 2013. Mate Selection in Cyberspace: The Intersection of Race, Gender, and Education. American Journal of Sociology. 119(1):183-215. [[https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/673129?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Abstract]] | *Lin K, Lundquist J. 2013. Mate Selection in Cyberspace: The Intersection of Race, Gender, and Education. American Journal of Sociology. 119(1):183-215. [[https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/673129?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Abstract]] | ||
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span> | <span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span> | ||
* Talamas S. N., et al. 2016. ''Blinded by Beauty: Attractiveness Bias and Accurate Perceptions of Academic Performance.'' [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4757567/ Abstract]] | * Talamas S. N., et al. 2016. ''Blinded by Beauty: Attractiveness Bias and Accurate Perceptions of Academic Performance.'' [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4757567/ Abstract]] | ||
* Mitchem D. G., et al. 2016. 'No Relationship Between Intelligence and Face Attractiveness in a Large, Genetically Informative Sample.'' [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4415372/ Abstract]] | * Mitchem D. G., et al. 2016. 'No Relationship Between Intelligence and Face Attractiveness in a Large, Genetically Informative Sample.'' [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4415372/ Abstract]]'' | ||
* Eagly A. H., et al. 1991. '' What is beautiful is good, but…: A meta-analytic review of research on the physical attractiveness stereotype.'' [[https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037/0033-2909.110.1.109 Abstract]] [[https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7513/4f5c90ec8f0399beac412d1d694e250be17b.pdf FullText]] | * Eagly A. H., et al. 1991. '' What is beautiful is good, but…: A meta-analytic review of research on the physical attractiveness stereotype.'' [[https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037/0033-2909.110.1.109 Abstract]] [[https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7513/4f5c90ec8f0399beac412d1d694e250be17b.pdf FullText]] | ||
* Weeden J., Sabini J. 2005. ''Physical Attractiveness and Health in Western Societies: A Review.'' [[http://10.1037/0033-2909.131.5.63 Abstract]] [[http://femininebeauty.info/f/weeden.sabini.pdf FullText]] | * Weeden J., Sabini J. 2005. ''Physical Attractiveness and Health in Western Societies: A Review.'' [[http://10.1037/0033-2909.131.5.63 Abstract]] [[http://femininebeauty.info/f/weeden.sabini.pdf FullText]] | ||
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span> | <span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span> | ||
* Aziz O, Gemmell N, Laws A. 2014. ''The Distribution of Income and Fiscal Incidence by Age and Gender: Some Evidence from New Zealand.'' Victoria University of Wellington Working Paper in Public Finance No. 10/2013. [[http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2375926 | * Aziz O, Gemmell N, Laws A. 2014. ''The Distribution of Income and Fiscal Incidence by Age and Gender: Some Evidence from New Zealand.'' Victoria University of Wellington Working Paper in Public Finance No. 10/2013. [[http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2375926 FullText]] | ||
==''Height''== | ==''Height''== | ||
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<span style="font-size:125%>'''Quotes:'''</span> | <span style="font-size:125%">'''Quotes:'''</span> | ||
* ''Men who use dating apps had 3.2 to 14.6 times the odds of engaging in all six UWCBs compared to men who were non-users.'' | * ''Men who use dating apps had 3.2 to 14.6 times the odds of engaging in all six UWCBs compared to men who were non-users.'' | ||
* ''We also documented elevated engagement in many UWCBs among Asian American, Hispanic and other or mixed dating app users. We did not, however, find elevated odds of UWCBs based on sexual orientation.'' | * ''We also documented elevated engagement in many UWCBs among Asian American, Hispanic and other or mixed dating app users. We did not, however, find elevated odds of UWCBs based on sexual orientation.'' | ||
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Karmin et al. (2015) analyzed the genetic diversity of exclusively male and female parts of the DNA (male Y chromosome and female mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA) to estimate effective population sizes of both sexes throughout human history. The analysis revealed the following: | Karmin et al. (2015) analyzed the genetic diversity of exclusively male and female parts of the DNA (male Y chromosome and female mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA) to estimate effective population sizes of both sexes throughout human history. The analysis revealed the following: | ||
* Genetic diversity in female DNA is much higher, replicating earlier findings by Wilder (2004). This implies that men have had higher variance in reproductive success. Some men had hundreds of children, but others none. Conversely, women rarely had no children due to greater male promiscuity, but women cannot produce hundreds of children within a lifetime. This finding generally agrees with evidence of moderate polygyny across human cultures.<ref name=wikiPolygamy/> | * Genetic diversity in female DNA is much higher, replicating earlier findings by Wilder (2004). This implies that men have had higher variance in reproductive success. Some men had hundreds of children, but others none. Conversely, women rarely had no children due to greater male promiscuity, but women cannot produce hundreds of children within a lifetime. This finding generally agrees with evidence of moderate polygyny across human cultures.<ref name="wikiPolygamy" /> | ||
* Around 8,000 years ago, women's effective population size grew substantially compared to men's, peaking around 17 times the size of men's (see Figure below). | * Around 8,000 years ago, women's effective population size grew substantially compared to men's, peaking around 17 times the size of men's (see Figure below). | ||
* The peak coincides with early agricultural revolutions, hence a plausible explanation is increasingly polygynous mating practices enabled by the power concentration and wealth accumulation of farmers. Economic inequality and hereditary systems may also have disproportionately increased the reproductive success of few wealthy men and their descendants, e.g. through political and religious succession, e.g. chiefdoms, hereditary priesthoods and early monarchies. | * The peak coincides with early agricultural revolutions, hence a plausible explanation is increasingly polygynous mating practices enabled by the power concentration and wealth accumulation of farmers. Economic inequality and hereditary systems may also have disproportionately increased the reproductive success of few wealthy men and their descendants, e.g. through political and religious succession, e.g. chiefdoms, hereditary priesthoods and early monarchies. | ||
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* ''Look at it this way. Most women have only a few children, and hardly any have more than a dozen — but many fathers have had more than a few, and some men have actually had several dozen, even hundreds of kids. In terms of the biological competition to produce offspring, then, men outnumbered women both among the losers and among the biggest winners.'' (Baumeister, 2007) | * ''Look at it this way. Most women have only a few children, and hardly any have more than a dozen — but many fathers have had more than a few, and some men have actually had several dozen, even hundreds of kids. In terms of the biological competition to produce offspring, then, men outnumbered women both among the losers and among the biggest winners.'' (Baumeister, 2007) | ||
<div style="display: none"><ref name=kamin2015/><ref name=diep2017/><ref name=wilder2004/><ref name=baumeister2007/><ref name=baumeister2010/><ref name=tierney2007/><ref name=cochran2015/></div> | <div style="display: none"><ref name="kamin2015" /><ref name="diep2017" /><ref name="wilder2004" /><ref name="baumeister2007" /><ref name="baumeister2010" /><ref name="tierney2007" /><ref name="cochran2015" /></div> | ||
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span> | <span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span> | ||
<references> | <references> | ||
<ref name=kamin2015>Karmin M, Saag L, Vicente M, Sayres MAW, Järve M, Talas UG, et al. 2015. ''A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture.'' Genome Research. 25: 459-466. [[https://genome.cshlp.org/content/25/4/459.abstract Abstract]] [[https://genome.cshlp.org/content/25/4/459.full.pdf+html FullText]]</ref> | <ref name="kamin2015">Karmin M, Saag L, Vicente M, Sayres MAW, Järve M, Talas UG, et al. 2015. ''A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture.'' Genome Research. 25: 459-466. [[https://genome.cshlp.org/content/25/4/459.abstract Abstract]] [[https://genome.cshlp.org/content/25/4/459.full.pdf+html FullText]]</ref> | ||
<ref name=diep2017>Diep F. 2017. ''8,000 Years Ago, 17 Women Reproduced for Every One Man.'' Pacific Standard. [[https://psmag.com/environment/17-to-1-reproductive-success News]]</ref> | <ref name="diep2017">Diep F. 2017. ''8,000 Years Ago, 17 Women Reproduced for Every One Man.'' Pacific Standard. [[https://psmag.com/environment/17-to-1-reproductive-success News]]</ref> | ||
<ref name=wilder2004>Wilder JA, Mobasher Z, Hammer MF. 2004. ''Genetic Evidence for Unequal Effective Population Sizes of Human Females and Males.'' Molecular Biology and Evolution, 21(11): 2047–2057. [[https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/21/11/2047/1147770#20340635 FullText]]</ref> | <ref name="wilder2004">Wilder JA, Mobasher Z, Hammer MF. 2004. ''Genetic Evidence for Unequal Effective Population Sizes of Human Females and Males.'' Molecular Biology and Evolution, 21(11): 2047–2057. [[https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/21/11/2047/1147770#20340635 FullText]]</ref> | ||
<ref name=baumeister2007>Baumeister R. 2007. ''Is There Anything Good About Men?'' Invited Address to the American Psychological Association. [[https://psy.fsu.edu/~baumeisterticelab/goodaboutmen.htm FullText]]</ref> | <ref name="baumeister2007">Baumeister R. 2007. ''Is There Anything Good About Men?'' Invited Address to the American Psychological Association. [[https://psy.fsu.edu/~baumeisterticelab/goodaboutmen.htm FullText]]</ref> | ||
<ref name=baumeister2010>Baumeister R. 2010. ''Is There Anything Good About Men? How Cultures Flourish by Exploiting Men.'' Oxford University Press. [[https://psy.fsu.edu/~baumeisterticelab/goodaboutmen.htm FullText]]</ref> | <ref name="baumeister2010">Baumeister R. 2010. ''Is There Anything Good About Men? How Cultures Flourish by Exploiting Men.'' Oxford University Press. [[https://psy.fsu.edu/~baumeisterticelab/goodaboutmen.htm FullText]]</ref> | ||
<ref name=tierney2007>Tierney J. 2007. ''The missing men in your family tree''. [[https://tierneylab.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/09/05/the-missing-men-in-your-family-tree FullText]]</ref> | <ref name="tierney2007">Tierney J. 2007. ''The missing men in your family tree''. [[https://tierneylab.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/09/05/the-missing-men-in-your-family-tree FullText]]</ref> | ||
<ref name=cochran2015>Cochran G. 2015. ''Y-chromosome crash''. [[https://westhunt.wordpress.com/2015/03/21/y-chromosome-crash/ FullText]]</ref> | <ref name="cochran2015">Cochran G. 2015. ''Y-chromosome crash''. [[https://westhunt.wordpress.com/2015/03/21/y-chromosome-crash/ FullText]]</ref> | ||
<ref name=wikiPolygamy>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygamy</ref> | <ref name="wikiPolygamy">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygamy</ref> | ||
</references> | </references> | ||
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* ''We show here that the activation of reward systems by viewing pictures of one's romantic partner is associated with reduced pain. A better understanding of these analgesic pathways may allow us to identify new targets and methods for producing effective pain relief.'' | * ''We show here that the activation of reward systems by viewing pictures of one's romantic partner is associated with reduced pain. A better understanding of these analgesic pathways may allow us to identify new targets and methods for producing effective pain relief.'' | ||
<span style="font-size:125%>'''References:'''</span> | <span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span> | ||
* Younger J, Aron A, Parke S, Chatterjee N, Mackey S. 2010. ''Viewing Pictures of a Romantic Partner Reduces Experimental Pain: Involvement of Neural Reward Systems.'' PLoS ONE. 5(10): e13309. [[https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0013309 FullText]] | * Younger J, Aron A, Parke S, Chatterjee N, Mackey S. 2010. ''Viewing Pictures of a Romantic Partner Reduces Experimental Pain: Involvement of Neural Reward Systems.'' PLoS ONE. 5(10): e13309. [[https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0013309 FullText]] | ||
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===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:24px; font-weight: normal;">Meeting online is now the primary way relationships are formed</span>=== | ===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:24px; font-weight: normal;">Meeting online is now the primary way relationships are formed</span>=== | ||
---- | ---- | ||
According to data from the How Couples Meet and Stay Together survey (2017), a comprehensive national survey on romantic [[Relationship|relationships]] in the US, 39% of couples met and started relationships online in 2017. The category "met online" includes online dating, but also social media and online games. At the same time, the categories "meeting through friends" or "at school" have declined, thus, meeting online has now become the leading way relationship to form. The share of couples meeting online has almost doubled since 2009, and is currently exponentially increasing. Between 1995 to 2017, meeting through friends saw the largest decline, with 40% fewer people meeting this way. 23% of all couples met on online dating services, but the category is experiencing an exponential (logistical) increase. | According to data from the How Couples Meet and Stay Together survey (2017), a comprehensive national survey on romantic [[Relationship|relationships]] in the US, 39% of couples met and started relationships online in 2017. The category "met online" includes online dating, but also social media and online games. At the same time, the categories "meeting through friends" or "at school" have declined, thus, meeting online has now become the leading way relationship to form. Online dating in particular is probably on a par with "Bars & Restaurants". The share of couples meeting online has almost doubled since 2009, and is currently exponentially increasing. Between 1995 to 2017, meeting through friends saw the largest decline, with 40% fewer people meeting this way. 23% of all couples met on online dating services, but the category is experiencing an exponential (logistical) increase. | ||
This is likely the most transformative change that has occurred in the dating sphere in the past 20 years. The change coincides clearly with many of the other trends discussed on this page, such as the overall increase in male celibacy during this time frame and greater amount of sex being consolidated to the top 5-20% of men. | This is likely the most transformative change that has occurred in the dating sphere in the past 20 years. The change coincides clearly with many of the other trends discussed on this page, such as the overall increase in male celibacy during this time frame and greater amount of sex being consolidated to the top 5-20% of men. | ||
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''Figures:'''</span> | <span style="font-size:125%">'''Figures:'''</span> | ||
[[File:Rise of online | [[File:Rise of meeting online.png|alt=|none|thumb|500x500px|Meeting online has rapidly become the dominant way for couples to meet and continues to displace other methods at an incredible rate.]] | ||
<span style="font-size:125%">'''Quotes:'''</span> | <span style="font-size:125%">'''Quotes:'''</span> | ||
* ''For heterosexual couples in the U.S., meeting online has become the most popular way couples meet, eclipsing meeting through friends for the first time around 2013.'' | * ''For heterosexual couples in the U.S., meeting online has become the most popular way couples meet, eclipsing meeting through friends for the first time around 2013.'' | ||
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Based on these gender statistics, it seems apparent that men are very much trying, but a disproportionate amount of women aren't interested in participating at all. Any serious effort to improve relationship uptake between the genders would therefore need to focus on increasing female, not male, engagement in the dating market. | Based on these gender statistics, it seems apparent that men are very much trying, but a disproportionate amount of women aren't interested in participating at all. Any serious effort to improve relationship uptake between the genders would therefore need to focus on increasing female, not male, engagement in the dating market. | ||
Some have suggested the over-representation of males in online dating fully explains the excessive attention women receive in online dating. If we look however, at dating platforms with more balanced gender ratios (e.g. OkCupid with 48.3% men vs 51.7% women) we still find women receiving an excess of attention (see e.g. "Dataclysm" by Christian Rudder, p. 118). <div style="display: none>TODO</div> | Some have suggested the over-representation of males in online dating fully explains the excessive attention women receive in online dating. If we look however, at dating platforms with more balanced gender ratios (e.g. OkCupid with 48.3% men vs 51.7% women) we still find women receiving an excess of attention (see e.g. "Dataclysm" by Christian Rudder, p. 118). <div style="display: none">TODO</div> | ||
<span style="font-size:125%">'''Data:'''</span> | <span style="font-size:125%">'''Data:'''</span> | ||
<div style="display: none> | <div style="display: none"> | ||
https://www.statista.com/statistics/826778/most-popular-dating-apps-by-audience-size-usa/ | https://www.statista.com/statistics/826778/most-popular-dating-apps-by-audience-size-usa/ | ||
https://www.statista.com/statistics/809443/us-users-favorite-dating-websites-apps-gender/ | https://www.statista.com/statistics/809443/us-users-favorite-dating-websites-apps-gender/ | ||
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* [[Scientific Blackpill (Supplemental)]] | * [[Scientific Blackpill (Supplemental)]] | ||
{{A}} | {{A}} | ||