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Rape: Difference between revisions
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{{quote|It is commonly—and mistakenly—assumed that men who rape do so either because they are sexually aroused or because they are ''sexually frustrated'', or both. In fact, as we have seen, the motives underlying such assaults have more to do with issues of [[Chad|anger and power]] than with pleasure and desire.}} | {{quote|It is commonly—and mistakenly—assumed that men who rape do so either because they are sexually aroused or because they are ''sexually frustrated'', or both. In fact, as we have seen, the motives underlying such assaults have more to do with issues of [[Chad|anger and power]] than with pleasure and desire.}} | ||
Furthermore, is also an apparent [[Pareto principle|power law]] distribution concerning sexual offending among men. Evidence suggests that a small minority of men commit most rapes. One study on university campus rapes in the United States found that serial offenders committed more than 87% of alcohol-involved sexual assault.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331853096_Is_Campus_Rape_Primarily_a_Serial_or_One-Time_Problem_Evidence_From_a_Multicampus_Study</ref> This further supports the idea that heterosexual male rapists are generally highly sexually active men with a high level of sexual entitlement, rather than socially marginalized men. | |||
Rapists tend to have negative views of women, endorse rape myths, and identify with a hypermasculine role,<ref>Robertiello, G., & Terry, K. J. (2007). Can we profile sex offenders? A review of sex offender typologies. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 12(5), 508–518. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2007.02.010 </ref> which does overlap with views in the [[incelosphere|incel subculture]]. The possible distinction between ‘Chad’ & ‘incel’ misogyny may be related to curvilinear sexism. Several studies have found that both high and low-mate-value men are higher in hostile sexism (overtly negative views of women) than men more at the middle of the scale of mate value, but only higher-status men compensate for this with concurrently higher benevolent sexism (having a chivalric attitude towards women that conform to typical feminine gender roles).<ref>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33890521/</ref><ref>https://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/handle/11250/3071027</ref> The curvilinear relationship between sexism and mate value together with the evidence that suggests rapists are generally high mate value (at least for short-term mating) suggests that rapist misogynists may more tend to be high mate value men who either lack this compensatory benevolent sexism or who direct their sexual violence more towards women who diverge from female chastity norms, while incels that are high in hostile sexism are more resentful of women due to being scorned and disregarded by women. | Rapists tend to have negative views of women, endorse rape myths, and identify with a hypermasculine role,<ref>Robertiello, G., & Terry, K. J. (2007). Can we profile sex offenders? A review of sex offender typologies. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 12(5), 508–518. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2007.02.010 </ref> which does overlap with views in the [[incelosphere|incel subculture]]. The possible distinction between ‘Chad’ & ‘incel’ misogyny may be related to curvilinear sexism. Several studies have found that both high and low-mate-value men are higher in hostile sexism (overtly negative views of women) than men more at the middle of the scale of mate value, but only higher-status men compensate for this with concurrently higher benevolent sexism (having a chivalric attitude towards women that conform to typical feminine gender roles).<ref>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33890521/</ref><ref>https://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/handle/11250/3071027</ref> The curvilinear relationship between sexism and mate value together with the evidence that suggests rapists are generally high mate value (at least for short-term mating) suggests that rapist misogynists may more tend to be high mate value men who either lack this compensatory benevolent sexism or who direct their sexual violence more towards women who diverge from female chastity norms, while incels that are high in hostile sexism are more resentful of women due to being scorned and disregarded by women. | ||
This disjunct suggests distinct causal pathways for hostile sexism that break down along the lines of high sexual entitlement combined with a Machiavellian view of sexual relations compared to a form of hostile sexism motivated primarily by rejection due to low status. | This disjunct suggests distinct causal pathways for hostile sexism that break down along the lines of high sexual entitlement combined with a Machiavellian view of sexual relations compared to a form of hostile sexism motivated primarily by rejection due to low status. | ||
Also, in actual rapists, these hostile sexist views are likely correlated with or caused by their more direct criminogenic traits, such as elevated primary psychopathy, which is linked to such attitudes and offending behaviour.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7660300/</ref><ref>https://guilfordjournals.com/doi/abs/10.1521/pedi.2011.25.1.28</ref> | |||
This typical rapist behavioural pattern, being typically inclusive of dominant behavioral traits,<ref>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ab.21685</ref> low behavioral inhibition and a personal history of promiscuous mating and interaction in social contexts that promote such (such as alcohol-fuelled parties<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0886260516670179</ref>) would of course not apply to the typical incel. Instead, a strong argument could be made that a random incel would be statistically much less likely to rape than a random, more sexually active and socially integrated male (controlling for base rates), as they would be less likely to possess the necessary character traits and opportunity to carry out these acts. | This typical rapist behavioural pattern, being typically inclusive of dominant behavioral traits,<ref>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ab.21685</ref> low behavioral inhibition and a personal history of promiscuous mating and interaction in social contexts that promote such (such as alcohol-fuelled parties<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0886260516670179</ref>) would of course not apply to the typical incel. Instead, a strong argument could be made that a random incel would be statistically much less likely to rape than a random, more sexually active and socially integrated male (controlling for base rates), as they would be less likely to possess the necessary character traits and opportunity to carry out these acts. | ||