Testosterone: Difference between revisions

Greater prenatal exposure to androgens, in particular, seem to play a prominent role in driving male-typical cognition and behavior,<ref>https://journals.lww.com/environepidem/Fulltext/2019/10001/Prenatal_Sex_Hormones_and_Behavioral_Outcomes_in.267.aspx</ref> though the extent to which androgens play a direct role in driving these differences is still in doubt.<ref>https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rstb.2008.0282</ref>

The influence of androgens in driving these changes does not seem limited to the prenatal environment or puberty (periods when the organism is particularly sensitive to the masculinizing effects of T). However, most of the physiological, cognitive, and behavioral effects resulting from the administration of exogenous sex hormones to adults seem small apart from the specific cases regarding the administration of opposite sex hormones to transgenders,<ref>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27347894/</ref> with the notable exception of the dramatic effects anabolic steroid use can have on the promotion of lean tissue growth.<ref>https://www.strongerbyscience.com/much-steroids-increase-hypertrophy/</ref><ref>https://www.strongerbyscience.com/steroids-and-strength-differences/</ref>

In humans (and other animals), testosterone plays a role in driving increased aggression, violent behavior, and status drive.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160109111144/http://www.homepage.psy.utexas.edu/HomePage/faculty/josephs/pdf_documents/Arch_Chall_NBR.pdf</ref>

This hypothesis also demonstrated that attractiveness and dominance are not orthogonal, according to studies<ref>https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40750-018-0098-z</ref> demonstrating purely testosterone (no cortisol) mediates attractiveness, whereas dominance is affected by both testosterone and cortisol.

=== Testosterone Reactivity as the Alternate Axis ===

There are other research<ref><nowiki>https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40750-018-0098-z</nowiki></ref><ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352154615000571</ref> that demonstrates that temporal testosterone levels have less bearing on dominance than "Testosterone Reactivity". Jointly, T-Reactivity and Cortisol levels are better predictors of attractiveness and dominance than temporal T-levels. Also T-Reactivity has been demonstrated<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306453020300317</ref><ref>https://www.epanlab.nl/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Hutschemaekers-et-al.-2020.pdf</ref> to be a good correlation to anxiety.

Alternatively, research on masturbation<ref>https://doi.org<nowiki/>/10.1007/s10508-018-1231-6</ref> demonstrated that high male dominance and low female dominance is correlated to desire for masturbation.

==See also==

* [[Feminization]]

* [[Dominance hierarchy]]

* [[Fapstinence]]

==References==

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