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[[File:Is he cute, or just very tall.png|thumb|right|A woman realizing that personality is only a spook.]] | [[File:Is he cute, or just very tall.png|thumb|right|A woman realizing that personality is only a spook.]] | ||
'''Personality''' | '''Personality''' refers to relatively stable individual behavioral propensities, i.e. the phenomenon that people tend to act in idiosyncratic and predictable manner. | ||
This is evidenced by adoptive, non-related children reared together being as different as two individuals randomly chosen from the population.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3147063/pdf/dyq148.pdf</ref> | About 35%-60% of variation in personality traits is determined by genes, with some traits being more genetically heritable than others.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276922271_Meta-analysis_of_the_heritability_of_human_traits_based_on_fifty_years_of_twin_studies</ref> For many traits, the environmental causes are very unpredictable, almost random.<ref>https://www.coursera.org/lecture/behavioralgenetics/7a-shared-versus-non-shared-environment-distinction-Vjh21</ref> | ||
Such results suggest shared factors, that is factors explaining personality that are shared by siblings or twins like parenting style, social economic standing of the family, presence of environmental toxins, diet etc. to have a minor | This is evidenced by adoptive, non-related children reared together being almost as different as two individuals randomly chosen from the population.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3147063/pdf/dyq148.pdf</ref> | ||
This leaves the bulk of non-genetic variance in personality to be explained by nonshared factors like peers, school environment, selective parenting styles, individual experiences, accidents and abuse, however, no reliable causal factors have been identified as of yet | Such results suggest shared factors, that is factors explaining personality that are shared by siblings or twins like parenting style, social economic standing of the family, presence of environmental toxins, diet etc. to have a very minor effect on personality. | ||
This leaves the bulk of non-genetic variance in personality to be explained by nonshared factors like peers/role models, school environment, selective parenting styles, individual experiences, accidents and abuse, however, no reliable causal factors have been identified as of yet. However, individual "traumatic" experiences likely also only play a minor role as they have a very minor effect on adult psychological functioning (see [[antifragility]]). | |||
[[Beauty|Physical attractiveness]] is slightly related to various positive personality traits like agreeableness (r < .11),<ref>Dunkel, C. S., Nedelec, J. L., van der Linden, D., & Marshall, R. L. (2016). Physical Attractiveness and the General Factor of Personality. Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology, 3(3), 185–197. doi:10.1007/s40750-016-0055-7</ref> | [[Beauty|Physical attractiveness]] is slightly related to various positive personality traits like agreeableness (r < .11),<ref>Dunkel, C. S., Nedelec, J. L., van der Linden, D., & Marshall, R. L. (2016). Physical Attractiveness and the General Factor of Personality. Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology, 3(3), 185–197. doi:10.1007/s40750-016-0055-7</ref> | ||
which | which has been suggested to be explained by good looking people being better treated and hence developing a more positive personality.<ref>https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED326784</ref> | ||
Social skills may be weakly (r = .23) linked to physical attractiveness for the same reason.<ref>Ashmore, R. D., & Longo, L. C. (n.d.). Accuracy of stereotypes: What research on physical attractiveness can teach us. Stereotype Accuracy: Toward Appreciating Group Differences., 63–86. doi:10.1037/10495-003</ref> | Social skills may be weakly (r = .23) linked to physical attractiveness for the same reason.<ref>Ashmore, R. D., & Longo, L. C. (n.d.). Accuracy of stereotypes: What research on physical attractiveness can teach us. Stereotype Accuracy: Toward Appreciating Group Differences., 63–86. doi:10.1037/10495-003</ref> | ||
Perceived personality is strongly influenced by looks with good looking people being generally perceived to have a much better personality due to the [[halo effect]].<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4873083/</ref> | Perceived personality is strongly influenced by looks with good looking people being generally perceived to have a much better personality due to the [[halo effect]].<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4873083/</ref> | ||