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Female subordination: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Veiledegyptianwoman.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Veiled Egyptian woman (colorized, ~1870s)]] | [[File:Veiledegyptianwoman.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Veiled Egyptian woman (colorized, ~1870s)]] | ||
Women's '''subordination''' refers to the practice of treating women as lesser beings which is common across cultures and history and it is often desired by men, but also at least by some women as evidenced by the prevalence of [[rape#Rape_fantasies|rape fantasies]], [[rape#Rape_baiting|rape baiting]], [[hybristophilia]], [[scelerophilia]], [[hypergamy]], [[Sex drive#Female_passivity|masochism]], Stockholm syndrome and a desire to be 'conquered' and dominated, which are near-exclusively female phenomena. This, of course, does not mean that women ought to be subordinated, that they are lesser human beings or second class citizens, and the prevalence such practices may be mere artifacts of ancient, harsher ecologies, but nonetheless, the constancy of this phenomenon suggests there may be an [[evolution]]ary basis for it that is worth investigating. | Women's '''subordination''' refers to the practice of treating women as lesser beings which is common across cultures and history and it is often desired by men, but also at least by some women as evidenced by the prevalence of [[rape#Rape_fantasies|rape fantasies]], [[rape#Rape_baiting|rape baiting]], [[hybristophilia]], [[scelerophilia]], [[hypergamy]], [[Sex drive#Female_passivity|masochism]], Stockholm syndrome and a desire to be 'conquered' and dominated, which are near-exclusively female phenomena. This, of course, does not mean that women ought to be subordinated, that they are lesser human beings or second class citizens, and the prevalence such practices may be mere artifacts of ancient, harsher ecologies, but nonetheless, the constancy of this phenomenon suggests there may be an [[evolution]]ary basis for it that is worth investigating. Women being in dominant social positions or even equal to men can be considered ''evolutionarily novel'', though it is an open question to which extent this results in an outright [[evolutionary mismatch]]. | ||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
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Critelli & Bivona (2008) further suggest that “the display of male dominance may function as a way for females to assess genetic quality and the ability to protect” ([[bodyguard hypothesis]]). Much of female nastiness, tantrums and childlike testing of boundaries may be driven by a wish to be met with coercion or even violent containment as an adaption to test the male. | Critelli & Bivona (2008) further suggest that “the display of male dominance may function as a way for females to assess genetic quality and the ability to protect” ([[bodyguard hypothesis]]). Much of female nastiness, tantrums and childlike testing of boundaries may be driven by a wish to be met with coercion or even violent containment as an adaption to test the male. | ||
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'''Resource dependence''': Besides the more ancient, fast [[life history]] adaptations mentioned above that derive from male competition in an unpredictable ecology, women | '''Resource dependence and parental investment''': Besides the more ancient, fast [[life history]] adaptations mentioned above that derive from male competition in an unpredictable ecology, women display a heavy dependence on men in harsh environments, mainly owing to a much higher parental investment than men. This investment primarily stems from women's much greater involvement in the highly complex and costly socialization process of the offspring, but also the highly costly and long pregnancy and a relatively risky birth due to the large human head that evolved itself as a result of the behavioral complexification due to sociocognitive competition. This dependence reaches back at least to hunter-gatherers and it can, to some extent, even be observed in our closest primate relatives, with the males sometimes sharing their food with their mate and their offspring.<ref name="mp">Mogielnicki C, Pearl K. 2020. ''Hominid sexual nature.'' [[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12064-020-00312-8 Article]]</ref> | ||
The amount of resources men provide is quite extreme compared to most animals and unique among primates, with men providing twice as much calories in hunter-gatherers than women and exclusively providing the more nutrient dense meat from hunting, which men used to get mating opportunities and invest into offspring and their mate ever since.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016748701630277X</ref><ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090513810000279</ref><ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill_(Supplemental)#In_hunter-gatherers.2C_men_use_meat_to_obtain_mating_opportunities_and_to_invest_in_mates_and_offspring</ref> The importance of resources to women is apparent even in egalitarian societies such as the Ache and the Sharanahua, where the best hunters are able to attract the most sexual partners,<ref>https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/bbf7/77fbe21100d32ebd55a41b65de7151628235.pdf (Cashdan 1996)</ref> | The amount of resources men provide is quite extreme compared to most animals and unique among primates, with men providing ''twice'' as much calories in hunter-gatherers than women and exclusively providing the more nutrient dense meat from hunting, which men used to get mating opportunities and invest into offspring and their mate ever since.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016748701630277X</ref><ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090513810000279</ref><ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill_(Supplemental)#In_hunter-gatherers.2C_men_use_meat_to_obtain_mating_opportunities_and_to_invest_in_mates_and_offspring</ref> The importance of resources to women is apparent even in egalitarian societies such as the Ache and the Sharanahua, where the best hunters are able to attract the most sexual partners,<ref>https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/bbf7/77fbe21100d32ebd55a41b65de7151628235.pdf (Cashdan 1996)</ref> | ||
and also in modern societies, women disdain qualities in men that signal inability to accrue resources, such as lack of ambition (d = 1.38).<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/David_Buss/publication/15471658_Psychological_Sex_Differences_Origins_Through_Sexual_Selection/links/0deec5181791b421a4000000.pdf</ref> | and also in modern societies, women disdain qualities in men that signal inability to accrue resources, such as lack of ambition (d = 1.38).<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/David_Buss/publication/15471658_Psychological_Sex_Differences_Origins_Through_Sexual_Selection/links/0deec5181791b421a4000000.pdf</ref> | ||
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'''Feedback loops''': Selection for submissive women has possibly a number of self-reinforcing effects (feedback loops), e.g. any kind of sexual dimorphism gets amplified by [[sexual selection]] as being more feminine or more masculine enhances the attraction.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Even_chickens_prefer_sexually_dimorphic_human_faces.2C_to_the_same_extent_as_humans</ref> Further, any sex difference tends to result in a clear and simple social norms which then re-enforces sex differences via socialization. E.g. many honor-shame cultures place strong pressures on men to restrain the promiscuity of their wife and daughters, comparable to runaway [[virtue signaling]]. | '''Feedback loops''': Selection for submissive women has possibly a number of self-reinforcing effects (feedback loops), e.g. any kind of sexual dimorphism gets amplified by [[sexual selection]] as being more feminine or more masculine enhances the attraction.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Even_chickens_prefer_sexually_dimorphic_human_faces.2C_to_the_same_extent_as_humans</ref> Further, any sex difference tends to result in a clear and simple social norms which then re-enforces sex differences via socialization. E.g. many honor-shame cultures place strong pressures on men to restrain the promiscuity of their wife and daughters, comparable to runaway [[virtue signaling]]. | ||
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'''Kink/fetish''': The desire for sex-differentiated dominance and subordination may also be explained by a mere adopted sexual interest. There is evidence that individuals with a higher [[sex drive]] more often | '''Kink/fetish''': The desire for sex-differentiated dominance and subordination may also be explained by a mere adopted sexual interest. There is evidence that individuals with a higher [[sex drive]] more often adopt sexual fetishes (paraphilias), in fact sex differences in sex drive largely explain the sex difference in prevalence of paraphilias.<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1079063214525645</ref> This suggests, men and women with a high sex drive and a fast [[life history]] may be more likely engage in such dominance/submission displays, while those with a slower life history may desire more equality. | ||
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