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Milennials also have weaker grip strength compared to 1985,<ref>https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/06/13/481590997/millennials-may-be-losing-their-grip</ref> though with more obvious causes of sedentary lifestyle and computer-related work as evidenced by women's grip strength also declining, although less signficantly, with women aged 30-34 even seeing an increase. There has also been a secular decline in grip strength both among athletes,<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X19300085</ref> as well as a decline in overall sekeltal muscle strength.<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/08/15/todays-men-are-nowhere-near-as-strong-as-their-dads-were-researchers-say/</ref> | Milennials also have weaker grip strength compared to 1985,<ref>https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/06/13/481590997/millennials-may-be-losing-their-grip</ref> though with more obvious causes of sedentary lifestyle and computer-related work as evidenced by women's grip strength also declining, although less signficantly, with women aged 30-34 even seeing an increase. There has also been a secular decline in grip strength both among athletes,<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X19300085</ref> as well as a decline in overall sekeltal muscle strength.<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/08/15/todays-men-are-nowhere-near-as-strong-as-their-dads-were-researchers-say/</ref> | ||
Corroborating these secular trends at the physiological and physical level, one can also observe feminization trends at the psychological and behavioral level. For example, there has been a heightened incidence of depression in the U.S. between 2005 and 2015, with women being generally more likely diagnosed with mood disorders (implying these are a sexually dimorphic mental disorders).<ref name="wein2017">Weinberger, A. H., Gbedemah, M., Martinez, A. M., Nash, D., Galea, S., & Goodwin, R. D. (2017). Trends in depression prevalence in the USA from 2005 to 2015: widening disparities in vulnerable groups. Psychological Medicine, 48(08), 1308–1315. doi:10.1017/s0033291717002781</ref> | Corroborating these secular trends at the physiological and physical level, one can also observe feminization trends at the psychological and behavioral level. For example, there has been a heightened incidence of depression in the U.S. between 2005 and 2015, with women being generally more likely diagnosed with mood disorders and scoring higher in neuroticism, i.e. mental instability (implying these are a sexually dimorphic mental disorders).<ref name="wein2017">Weinberger, A. H., Gbedemah, M., Martinez, A. M., Nash, D., Galea, S., & Goodwin, R. D. (2017). Trends in depression prevalence in the USA from 2005 to 2015: widening disparities in vulnerable groups. Psychological Medicine, 48(08), 1308–1315. doi:10.1017/s0033291717002781</ref> | ||
MMPI Depression (D) scale scores of male (and female) college students have significantly increased between 1938 and 2007 along with a variety of other mental disorders.<ref>https://www.thecut.com/2016/03/for-80-years-young-americans-have-been-getting-more-anxious-and-depressed.html</ref> Males also experienced a secular trend in the MMPI Masculinity/Femininity (Mf) scale toward femininty within the same time frame.<ref name="twenge2010">http://www.csun.edu/~dma/Twenge,%20Gentile,%20DeWall,%20Ma,%20Lacefield,%20&%20Schurtz%20(2010).pdf</ref> | MMPI Depression (D) scale scores of male (and female) college students have significantly increased between 1938 and 2007 along with a variety of other mental disorders.<ref>https://www.thecut.com/2016/03/for-80-years-young-americans-have-been-getting-more-anxious-and-depressed.html</ref> Males also experienced a secular trend in the MMPI Masculinity/Femininity (Mf) scale toward femininty within the same time frame.<ref name="twenge2010">http://www.csun.edu/~dma/Twenge,%20Gentile,%20DeWall,%20Ma,%20Lacefield,%20&%20Schurtz%20(2010).pdf</ref> | ||
Furthermore, a number of studies suggest that individuals low in testosterone are less honest,<ref>https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0046774#s4</ref> less altruistic,<ref>Eisenegger, C., Naef, M., Snozzi, R., Heinrichs, M., & Fehr, E. (2010). Prejudice and truth about the effect of testosterone on human bargaining behaviour. Nature, 463(7279), 356–359. doi:10.1038/nature08711</ref> less prosocial,<ref>Germar, M., & Mojzisch, A. (2020). Basal Testosterone Renders Individuals More Receptive to Minority Positions. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 194855062094511. doi:10.1177/1948550620945116</ref> less cooperative,<ref>Van Honk, J., Montoya, E. R., Bos, P. A., van Vugt, M., & Terburg, D. (2012). New evidence on testosterone and cooperation. Nature, 485(7399), E4–E5. doi:10.1038/nature11136</ref> engaging in more group-think (less interest in minority positions),<ref>https://www.bitchute.com/video/JLXj5VcVxRhI/</ref> some of which can be identified as female traits, especially the dishonesty, group-think and perhaps gossipy non-cooperativeness (see [[female sneakiness]]), however none of these results on testosterone affecting pro-social behavior have a substantial replication record nor meta studies backing them. | Furthermore, a number of studies suggest that individuals low in testosterone are less honest,<ref>https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0046774#s4</ref> less altruistic,<ref>Eisenegger, C., Naef, M., Snozzi, R., Heinrichs, M., & Fehr, E. (2010). Prejudice and truth about the effect of testosterone on human bargaining behaviour. Nature, 463(7279), 356–359. doi:10.1038/nature08711</ref> less prosocial,<ref>Germar, M., & Mojzisch, A. (2020). Basal Testosterone Renders Individuals More Receptive to Minority Positions. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 194855062094511. doi:10.1177/1948550620945116</ref> less cooperative,<ref>Van Honk, J., Montoya, E. R., Bos, P. A., van Vugt, M., & Terburg, D. (2012). New evidence on testosterone and cooperation. Nature, 485(7399), E4–E5. doi:10.1038/nature11136</ref> engaging in more group-think (less interest in minority positions),<ref>https://www.bitchute.com/video/JLXj5VcVxRhI/</ref> some of which can be identified as female traits, especially the dishonesty, group-think and perhaps gossipy non-cooperativeness (see [[female sneakiness]]), however none of these results on testosterone affecting pro-social behavior have a substantial replication record nor meta studies backing them. | ||