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Various causes have been suggested for this concerning trend. One line of research investigates the roles of pollutants, especially of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that influence development mainly during the gestation period and early childhood. The endocrine system is the main messenger system regulating the release of hormones as part of biological developmental schedules regulating growth of tissues, sexual maturation among other maturation processes. | Various causes have been suggested for this concerning trend. One line of research investigates the roles of pollutants, especially of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that influence development mainly during the gestation period and early childhood. The endocrine system is the main messenger system regulating the release of hormones as part of biological developmental schedules regulating growth of tissues, sexual maturation among other maturation processes. | ||
The main chemicals of interest are xenoestrogens, i.e. estrogen-like molecules that can be found in mass consumer products, affecting male development. The most prominent candidates for such molecules are phthalates that can be found in plasticisers (plastic softeners) and other constituents of mass consumer products. Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and polychlorinated biphenyl 153 (PCB153) has been identified as degrading dog's samen.<ref name="lea016"></ref> | The main chemicals of interest are xenoestrogens, i.e. estrogen-like molecules that can be found in mass consumer products, potentially affecting male development. The most prominent candidates for such molecules are phthalates that can be found in plasticisers (plastic softeners) and other constituents of mass consumer products. Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and polychlorinated biphenyl 153 (PCB153) has been identified as degrading dog's samen.<ref name="lea016"></ref> | ||
A high blood serum concentration of phthalate metabolites in mother's (in the upper quartile), the odds that her boy had femininized play behavior was five times greater compared to mothers in the lowest quartile.<ref>https://www.webmd.com/children/news/20091116/phthalates-affect-way-young-boys-play</ref> | A high blood serum concentration of phthalate metabolites in mother's (in the upper quartile), the odds that her boy had femininized play behavior was five times greater compared to mothers in the lowest quartile.<ref>https://www.webmd.com/children/news/20091116/phthalates-affect-way-young-boys-play</ref> | ||
''Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances'' (PFAS) is a group of particularly stable chemicals which are used in a wide range of consumer and industrial products. Such stable chemicals are also referred to as ''‘forever chemicals’'' when they are highly resistant to heat, oils, water, which means they accumulate in the human body without degrading. | ''Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances'' (PFAS) is a group of particularly stable chemicals which are used in a wide range of consumer and industrial products. Such stable chemicals are also referred to as ''‘forever chemicals’'' when they are highly resistant to heat, oils, water, which means they accumulate in the human body without degrading. | ||