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Corroborating these secular trends at the physiological and physical level, one can also observe feminization trends at the psychological and behavioral level. For example, there has been a heightened incidence of depression in the U.S. between 2005 and 2015, with women being generally more likely diagnosed with mood disorders (implying these are a sexually dimorphic mental disorders).<ref name="wein2017">Weinberger, A. H., Gbedemah, M., Martinez, A. M., Nash, D., Galea, S., & Goodwin, R. D. (2017). Trends in depression prevalence in the USA from 2005 to 2015: widening disparities in vulnerable groups. Psychological Medicine, 48(08), 1308–1315. doi:10.1017/s0033291717002781</ref> | Corroborating these secular trends at the physiological and physical level, one can also observe feminization trends at the psychological and behavioral level. For example, there has been a heightened incidence of depression in the U.S. between 2005 and 2015, with women being generally more likely diagnosed with mood disorders (implying these are a sexually dimorphic mental disorders).<ref name="wein2017">Weinberger, A. H., Gbedemah, M., Martinez, A. M., Nash, D., Galea, S., & Goodwin, R. D. (2017). Trends in depression prevalence in the USA from 2005 to 2015: widening disparities in vulnerable groups. Psychological Medicine, 48(08), 1308–1315. doi:10.1017/s0033291717002781</ref> | ||
MMPI Depression (D) scale scores of male (and female) college students have significantly increased between 1938 and 2007 along with a variety of other mental disorders. Males also experienced a secular trend in the MMPI Masculinity/Femininity (Mf) scale toward femininty within the same time frame.<ref name="twenge2010">http://www.csun.edu/~dma/Twenge,%20Gentile,%20DeWall,%20Ma,%20Lacefield,%20&%20Schurtz%20(2010).pdf</ref> | MMPI Depression (D) scale scores of male (and female) college students have significantly increased between 1938 and 2007 along with a variety of other mental disorders.<ref>https://www.thecut.com/2016/03/for-80-years-young-americans-have-been-getting-more-anxious-and-depressed.html</ref> Males also experienced a secular trend in the MMPI Masculinity/Femininity (Mf) scale toward femininty within the same time frame.<ref name="twenge2010">http://www.csun.edu/~dma/Twenge,%20Gentile,%20DeWall,%20Ma,%20Lacefield,%20&%20Schurtz%20(2010).pdf</ref> | ||
Men are also widely perceived to be less masculine today compared to former earas. According to a survey of Swedish men and women, 51 percent of respondents said Swedish men were less masculine today than in previous times, and only 13 percent of men and women said today’s men were more masculine than their predecessors.<ref>https://www.thelocal.se/20090429/19144</ref> | Men are also widely perceived to be less masculine today compared to former earas. According to a survey of Swedish men and women, 51 percent of respondents said Swedish men were less masculine today than in previous times, and only 13 percent of men and women said today’s men were more masculine than their predecessors.<ref>https://www.thelocal.se/20090429/19144</ref> | ||