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== Rise in mutations == | == Rise in mutations == | ||
Some evidence suggests that there are more people with deleterious mutations in the human population due to a number of factors, including but not limited to: milder ecological conditions, modern medicine,<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9371795/</ref> advanced paternal age<ref>https://www.spectrumnews.org/news/parental-age-different-impact-autism-schizophrenia/</ref> and especially due to much lower infant mortality.<ref>https://doi.org10.1007/s40806-017-0084-x</ref> | Some evidence suggests that there are more people with deleterious mutations in the human population due to a number of factors, including but not limited to: milder ecological conditions, modern medicine,<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9371795/</ref> advanced paternal age<ref>https://www.spectrumnews.org/news/parental-age-different-impact-autism-schizophrenia/</ref> and especially due to much lower infant mortality.<ref>https://doi.org10.1007/s40806-017-0084-x</ref> Due to the economic cost associated with a degraded gene pool, the [[wikipedia:demographic transition|demographic transition]] can be considered an instance of the [[wikipedia:tragedy of the commons|tragedy of the commons]] as the externalities of the degraded gene pool are foisted off on future generations at the benefit of avoiding the near-term costs of having women birth many children (rather than work) and high mortality selection pressure on the offspring. | ||
Given the complex nature and function of the human brain, one would expect it to be particularly vulnerable to deleterious mutations,<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23153596/</ref> which may be reflected in the apparent rise in the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders, as it has been argued that up to 30% of cases of this condition in simplex families (where only one member has the condition) could be attributed to ''de novo'' mutations.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26401017/</ref> | Given the complex nature and function of the human brain, one would expect it to be particularly vulnerable to deleterious mutations,<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23153596/</ref> which may be reflected in the apparent rise in the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders, as it has been argued that up to 30% of cases of this condition in simplex families (where only one member has the condition) could be attributed to ''de novo'' mutations.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26401017/</ref> | ||
Extrapolation of the rate of deleterious mutational load in mice and other organisms has led to a rough estimate of a 1% decline in the baseline physical and mental performance attributes of populations in conditions of extreme relaxed selection pressures (both natural and sexual) per generation. This estimate may be overly conservative, however, particularly in regards to brain function. | Extrapolation of the rate of deleterious mutational load in mice and other organisms has led to a rough estimate of a 1% decline in the baseline physical and mental performance attributes of populations in conditions of extreme relaxed selection pressures (both natural and sexual) per generation. This estimate may be overly conservative, however, particularly in regards to brain function. | ||