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→Sex differences in promiscuity
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==Sex differences in promiscuity== | ==Sex differences in promiscuity== | ||
As females often have much higher [[wikipedia:Parental investment|parental investment]], the males are usually much more promiscuous, because females have to lock down a provider male as they are too invested in raising the offspring to gather resources themselves. | As females often have much higher [[wikipedia:Parental investment|parental investment]], the males are usually much more promiscuous, because females have to lock down a provider male as they are too invested in raising the offspring to gather resources themselves. As a result, men tend face higher variance in their [[reproductive success]], which is referred to as [[Bateman's principle]]. | ||
Both males and females, benefit from sexual variety (though females only if a source of resources is secured). The threat of extra-marital sex on the part of females means that men need to engage mate guarding in order to [[paternity assurance|ensure paternity]] and avoid wasting their resources on another man's offspring. This motivates males to heavily [[female subordination|constrain]] female sexuality, which is a near universal feature of human monogamous/polygynous mating systems, which sometimes even involved infanticide of offspring that were suspect or the homicide of the wife and/or lover. This constitutes a [[sexual conflict]], with males opposing female [[whoring]], engagement in [[pump and dump]] and infidelity. | Both males and females, benefit from sexual variety (though females only if a source of resources is secured). The threat of extra-marital sex on the part of females means that men need to engage mate guarding in order to [[paternity assurance|ensure paternity]] and avoid wasting their resources on another man's offspring. This motivates males to heavily [[female subordination|constrain]] female sexuality, which is a near universal feature of human monogamous/polygynous mating systems, which sometimes even involved infanticide of offspring that were suspect or the homicide of the wife and/or lover. This constitutes a [[sexual conflict]], with males opposing female [[whoring]], engagement in [[pump and dump]] and infidelity. | ||
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Female promiscuity gives rise to '''sperm competition''' as it means the sperm needs to compete inside the [[vagina]] and possibly also affecting shape of the [[penis]] so as to be able to scoop out competing sperm. There is some (limited) evidence of female promiscuity in humans, which may have been more prevalent in close ancestor species with faster [[life history]] speed, but is still vestigial in certain human behaviors observable today.<ref name="mp"></ref> | Female promiscuity gives rise to '''sperm competition''' as it means the sperm needs to compete inside the [[vagina]] and possibly also affecting shape of the [[penis]] so as to be able to scoop out competing sperm. There is some (limited) evidence of female promiscuity in humans, which may have been more prevalent in close ancestor species with faster [[life history]] speed, but is still vestigial in certain human behaviors observable today.<ref name="mp"></ref> | ||
Female promiscuity is also referred to as [[cock carousel]]. | Female promiscuity is also referred to as [[cock carousel]]. | ||
== The Effect of Sperm Competition on Reproductive success and Sexual Conflict == | == The Effect of Sperm Competition on Reproductive success and Sexual Conflict == | ||