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Physiognomy: Difference between revisions
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===Criminal/violent physiognomy=== | ===Criminal/violent physiognomy=== | ||
*A meta-analysis of 19 studies found a weak but statistically significant correlation between [[fWHR]] (a measure of the broadness of the face) and aggression, ranging from r = .09 for field and archival studies to r = .21 for studies conducted in research labs.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4388848/</ref> Another study in 2016 found weak but significant correlations between various psychopathic traits and fWHR (r = .12 for the whole sample and r = .27 for a sample of prison inmates). This greater aggression is likely mediated by an association between fWHR and higher levels of pre-natal and pubertal [[testosterone]] exposure.<ref>https:// | *A meta-analysis of 19 studies found a weak but statistically significant correlation between [[fWHR]] (a measure of the broadness of the face) and aggression, ranging from r = .09 for field and archival studies to r = .21 for studies conducted in research labs.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4388848/</ref> Another study in 2016 found weak but significant correlations between various psychopathic traits and fWHR (r = .12 for the whole sample and r = .27 for a sample of prison inmates).<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0191886915005759</ref> This greater aggression is likely mediated by an association between fWHR and higher levels of pre-natal and pubertal [[testosterone]] exposure. However, these findings may be confounded by the fact that fWHR is positively associated with greater body size, which is quite strongly associate with the propensity to engage in physically violent behavior.<ref>https://psyarxiv.com/8zu6h/</ref> Thus, any future studies that propose a link between fWHR and physically aggression would do well to control for BMI and muscularity. | ||
*Studies conducted in 2013 found that people were able to accurately predict the outcomes of fights based on facial features, above chance. The fighters with faces rated as more aggressive were more likely to win their bouts, but they were also confounded by weight; thus, it only held for heavyweight fighters. The facial features associated with aggressiveness were an overall broader face, broader chin, darker eyebrows and [[hunter eyes|horizontally narrowed eyes]].<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0956797613477117</ref> | *Studies conducted in 2013 found that people were able to accurately predict the outcomes of fights based on facial features, above chance. The fighters with faces rated as more aggressive were more likely to win their bouts, but they were also confounded by weight; thus, it only held for heavyweight fighters. The facial features associated with aggressiveness were an overall broader face, broader chin, darker eyebrows and [[hunter eyes|horizontally narrowed eyes]].<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0956797613477117</ref> | ||
*Holtzman (2011) created a series of prototypical faces corresponding to each of the traits of the [[dark triad]], using the photos of 81 study participants, who completed self-report inventories designed to measure the levels of the dark triad traits. The participants were also evaluated in regard to their level of dark triad traits by their peers. It was found that observers could (above chance) correctly distinguish between high and low morphs of the various "dark traits," thus lending some evidence to the idea that these traits are correlated with a certain facial structure. This correlation was explained by several hypotheses, the facial traits and the dark triad being co-evolved, the facial traits influencing people's self-perception and thus behavior, or that individuals are possibly conditioned to behave in a way 'congruent' with their facial structure by peers, through constant social reinforcement.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232381817_Facing_a_psychopath_Detecting_the_Dark_Triad_from_emotionally-neutral_faces_using_prototypes_from_the_Personality_Faceaurus#pf6</ref> | *Holtzman (2011) created a series of prototypical faces corresponding to each of the traits of the [[dark triad]], using the photos of 81 study participants, who completed self-report inventories designed to measure the levels of the dark triad traits. The participants were also evaluated in regard to their level of dark triad traits by their peers. It was found that observers could (above chance) correctly distinguish between high and low morphs of the various "dark traits," thus lending some evidence to the idea that these traits are correlated with a certain facial structure. This correlation was explained by several hypotheses, the facial traits and the dark triad being co-evolved, the facial traits influencing people's self-perception and thus behavior, or that individuals are possibly conditioned to behave in a way 'congruent' with their facial structure by peers, through constant social reinforcement.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232381817_Facing_a_psychopath_Detecting_the_Dark_Triad_from_emotionally-neutral_faces_using_prototypes_from_the_Personality_Faceaurus#pf6</ref> | ||