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* Foubert, John; Newberry, Johnathan; Tatum, Jerry (2007). "Behavior differences seven months later: Effects of a rape prevention program on first-year men who join fraternities". NASPA Journal. 44 (4): 728–749. doi:10.2202/1949-6605.1866. [[https://www.academia.edu/14925590 FullText]] | * Foubert, John; Newberry, Johnathan; Tatum, Jerry (2007). "Behavior differences seven months later: Effects of a rape prevention program on first-year men who join fraternities". NASPA Journal. 44 (4): 728–749. doi:10.2202/1949-6605.1866. [[https://www.academia.edu/14925590 FullText]] | ||
* Vogel, Nia, "DEAR STUDENT-ATHLETE: A closer look at how college athletics departments are addressing sexual misconduct". Senior eses, Trinity College, Hartford, CT 2018. Trinity College Digital Repository [[https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4359/8911e414872bf715c0b60baba1601a573b04.pdf FullText]] | * Vogel, Nia, "DEAR STUDENT-ATHLETE: A closer look at how college athletics departments are addressing sexual misconduct". Senior eses, Trinity College, Hartford, CT 2018. Trinity College Digital Repository [[https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4359/8911e414872bf715c0b60baba1601a573b04.pdf FullText]] | ||
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Benevolent_sexism_is_approved_in_society_by_both_men_and_women">Benevolent sexism is approved in society by both men and women</span>=== | |||
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Multiple studies (including cross-cultural studies) have shown that both women and men worldwide (even in Western countries like the United States, England, and Australia) approve of benevolent sexism but disapprove of hostile sexism. Studies even show that women often approve of benevolent sexism, and that benevolent sexism happens more in public contexts while hostile sexism occurs more in private contexts. | |||
In the research paper ''The social nature of benevolent sexism and the antisocial nature of hostile sexism: Is benevolent sexism more likely to manifest in public contexts and hostile sexism in private contexts?'' by Tadios Chisango, Thokozile Mayekiso, and Manuela Thomae (2014), they conducted a study among a sample of black, heterosexually married 109 Zimbabwean women (mean age: 31.83). The women reported hostile sexist attitudes and actions to be more likely to happen in private contexts than public contexts; on the other hand, they reported benevolent sexist attitudes and actions to be more likely in public contexts than private contexts. The differences in social approval of benevolent sexism and hostile sexism explain these results. | |||
Past research has shown evidence of social approval for benevolent sexism, and social disapproval for hostile sexism. For instance, with a sample that included 19 countries, across North America (e.g. the United States), Central and South America (e.g. Cuba, Chile and Brazil), Europe (e.g. Belgium, Germany, England and Spain), Asia (e.g. Australia and Japan) and Africa (e.g. Nigeria, South Africa and Botswana), Glick et al. (2000) showed that benevolent sexism is supported somewhat more than hostile sexism by both men and women. Further research showed that women viewed benevolent sexism positively, and hostile sexism negatively (Bohner, Ahlborn, & Steiner, 2010; Kilianski & Rudman, 1998). Moreover, Chisango and Javangwe (2012) showed that both genders view a benevolent sexist profile positively, and a hostile sexist one negatively. | |||
<span style="font-size:125%">'''Discussion:'''</span> | |||
Hostile sexism is the belief that women are incompetent or inferior or aren't as adequate as men are. Sometimes it even can include anger or outright hatred of women, depending on the hostilely sexist person. Benevolent sexism is the belief that women should conform to traditional gender roles and the belief that women are wonderful people but who are still not equal to men. Examples include the belief that women should be protected by men. Benevolent sexism is tolerated by society, and even feminists and white knights often express benevolently sexist beliefs, like the idea that young women are too young to handle relationships with an older man or their frequent fantasy of a violent, overprotective vigilante father. | |||
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span> | |||
*Bohner, G., Ahlborn, K., & Steiner, R. (2010). How sexy are sexist men? Women’s perception of male response profiles in the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. Sex Roles, 62, 568–582. doi:10.1007/s11199-009-9665-x. [[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-009-9665-x Abstract]] | |||
*Chisango, Tadios; Mayekiso, Thokozile; Thomae, Manuela (October 2014). "The social nature of benevolent sexism and the antisocial nature of hostile sexism: Is benevolent sexism more likely to manifest in public contexts and hostile sexism in private contexts?". International Journal of Psychology: 1–9. doi:10.1002/ijop.12106. [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tadios_Chisango/publication/266746088_The_social_nature_of_benevolent_sexism_and_the_antisocial_nature_of_hostile_sexism_Is_benevolent_sexism_more_likely_to_manifest_in_public_contexts_and_hostile_sexism_in_private_contexts/links/5f11859f4585151299a142c9/The-social-nature-of-benevolent-sexism-and-the-antisocial-nature-of-hostile-sexism-Is-benevolent-sexism-more-likely-to-manifest-in-public-contexts-and-hostile-sexism-in-private-contexts.pdf FullText]] | |||
*Chisango, T., & Mayekiso, T. (2013). An investigation of the sexist application of the morality concept of Tsika in the Shona Culture of Zimbabwe. International Journal of Psychology, 48(6), 1237 – 1245. doi:10.1080/00207594.2013.766745 | |||
*Glick, P., Fiske, S. T., Mladinic, A., Saiz, J., Abrams, D., Masser, B., ... López López, W. (2000). Beyond prejudice as simple antipathy: Hostile and benevolent sexism across cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 763 – 775. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.5.763. | |||
*Kilianski, S. E., & Rudman, L. A. (1998). Wanting it both ways: Do women approve of benevolent sexism? Sex Roles, 39, 333–352. doi:10.1023/A:1018814924402. [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Laurie_Rudman/publication/251261112_Wanting_It_Both_Ways_Do_Women_Approve_of_Benevolent_Sexism/links/597f8e72458515687b4bb94f/Wanting-It-Both-Ways-Do-Women-Approve-of-Benevolent-Sexism.pdf FullText]] | |||
==<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:40px; font-weight: normal;">''Mental''</span>== | ==<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:40px; font-weight: normal;">''Mental''</span>== | ||
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span> | <span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span> | ||
* Mannes AE. ''Shorn Scalps and Perceptions of Male Dominance.'' [[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0162309595001301 Abstract]] [[http://opim.wharton.upenn.edu/DPlab/papers/publishedPapers/Mannes_2012_%20Shorn%20scalps%20and%20perceptions%20of%20male%20dominance.pdf FullText]] [[https://www.reddit.com/r/BlackPillScience/comments/am0vx1/bald_men_perceived_as_more_attractive_dominant/ Discussion]] | * Mannes AE. ''Shorn Scalps and Perceptions of Male Dominance.'' [[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0162309595001301 Abstract]] [[http://opim.wharton.upenn.edu/DPlab/papers/publishedPapers/Mannes_2012_%20Shorn%20scalps%20and%20perceptions%20of%20male%20dominance.pdf FullText]] [[https://www.reddit.com/r/BlackPillScience/comments/am0vx1/bald_men_perceived_as_more_attractive_dominant/ Discussion]] | ||
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Males_who_start_puberty_late_or_are_physically_immature_during_their_teens_are_more_likely_to_remain_sexually_inexperienced_or_virgins">Males who start puberty late or are physically immature during their teens are more likely to remain sexually inexperienced or virgins</span>=== | |||
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In the 2006 study ''Adolescent predictors of emerging adult sexual patterns'', they discovered that people who were physically immature compared to peers during the teen years are more likely to remain virgins in adulthood. In the study ''Sexuality (and Lack Thereof) in Adolescence and Early Adulthood: A Review of the Literature.'', researchers found that men who start puberty late are more likely to remain sexually inexperienced during adulthood. | |||
<span style="font-size:125%">'''Discussion:'''</span> | |||
These studies show how important it is to look physically mature when it comes to sexual market value if you're a man. While neotenous women are considered sexually attractive, neotenous men are considered unattractive. A 17 year old man who looks 25 will probably have more sexual success in high school than a 17 year old man who looks like a 14 year old boy. This is why it is inaccurate to say that people like [[Elliot Rodger]] weren't that ugly, because Rodger began puberty late and looked much younger than his age. His half-Chinese genetics may have been a significant contributing factor. | |||
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span> | |||
*Boislard, M.-A., van de Bongardt, D., & Blais, M. (2016). Sexuality (and Lack Thereof) in Adolescence and Early Adulthood: A Review of the Literature. Behavioral Sciences, 6(1), 8.doi:10.3390/bs6010008. [[https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/171f/648087db3b57d575a35dcb503f1dab217cec.pdf?_ga=2.180193636.1964169681.1595134877-998069284.1595134877 FullText]] | |||
*Tucker Halpern, C., Waller, M.W., Spriggs, A., & Hallfors, D.D. (2006). Adolescent predictors of emerging adult sexual patterns [Electronic version]. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39(6), 926.e1 - 926.e10. | |||
==<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:40px; font-weight: normal;">''Money''</span>== | ==<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:40px; font-weight: normal;">''Money''</span>== | ||
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*Morin, Hillary. "[https://myusf.usfca.edu/caps/bullying_on_college_campuses Myth Busting: Bullying on College Campuses]". myUSF. | *Morin, Hillary. "[https://myusf.usfca.edu/caps/bullying_on_college_campuses Myth Busting: Bullying on College Campuses]". myUSF. | ||
*King, Michelle (November 14, 2012). "[https://www.hercampus.com/wellness/mental-health/truth-about-bullying-college The Truth About Bullying in College]". Her Campus. | *King, Michelle (November 14, 2012). "[https://www.hercampus.com/wellness/mental-health/truth-about-bullying-college The Truth About Bullying in College]". Her Campus. | ||
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Missing_out_on_teenage_love_damages_sexual_success_later_on">Missing out on teenage love damages sexual success later on</span>=== | |||
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In a pivotal study about involuntary celibacy from 2001 called ''Involuntary Celibacy: A Life Course Analysis'', researchers talked to three involuntarily celibate groups of people: Involuntary virgins (those who never had sex and still are sexually inexperienced), singles (those who had sexual experience in the past but no longer are able to, and a good amount of these people resorted to hookers or even sexual surrogates), and partnered celibates (those who are married or in a relationship but their partner won't have sex). 91% of the virgins said they never dated as teenagers, compared to 52% of singles. Here is an important quote: | |||
"In summary, while most of our sample had discussed sex with friends and experimented with masturbation as teens, most of the virgins and singles did not date. Singles were similar to partnered persons in terms of first sexual experiences, while the majority of virgins reported first sexual experiences that did not include another person. As the data illustrates, virgins and singles may have missed important transitions, and as they got older, their trajectories began to differ from those of their age peers. As Thorton (1990) noted, patterns of sexuality in young adulthood are significantly related to dating, steady dating, and sexual experience in adolescence. It is rare for a teenager to initiate sexual activity outside of a dating relationship. Thus, persons reaching young adulthood without dating may have missed an important opportunity for sexual experience. While virginity and lack of experience are fairly common in teenagers and young adults, by the time many of our respondents reached their mid-twenties they reported feeling left behind by age peers. We suspect that this is especially true for gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth. In fact, all eight of the nonheterosexual respondents in our sample were either virgins or singles. As previous researchers have shown, a major reason for becoming off time in making sexual transitions is the process of coming out to oneself and others (Gonsiorek & Rudolph, 1991). Even for the heterosexuals in our study, however, it appears that lack of dating and sexual experimentation in the teen years may be precursors to problems in adult sexual relationships." | |||
In the study ''Sexuality and Autistic-Like Symptoms in Juvenile Sex Offenders: A Follow-Up After 8 Years'', a study primarily about juvenile sex offenders and autism, the researchers wrote briefly about teenage romance, writing: | |||
"The foundation for a healthy sexuality in adulthood lies in childhood and adolescence, with the discovery of one's own sexuality oftentimes going in phases. A large population study in the Netherlands amongst 7841 boys and girls aged 12–25 has shown that half of all 15-year-old adolescents have been intimate with a partner (e.g., touching each other’s genitalia). At age 16, half of all youths have experience with mutual masturbation and at age 17, half of all youths have experienced sexual intercourse and/or oral sex. Eventually, relationships and sexual intimacy become more serious; relationships last longer and are more exclusive, eventually leading to the ‘adult’ model of a committed relationship." | |||
Other studies also confirm the importance of experiencing dating and relationships in the teenage years. For example, in the study ''Sexuality (and Lack Thereof) in Adolescence and Early Adulthood: A Review of the Literature.'', the authors wrote: | |||
“One study showed that adult virgins have higher odds of being overweight and of being perceived as physically unattractive. Four additional studies reported that adult virgins have greater probabilities of never having been in a romantic relationship. Moreover, in a qualitative study conducted among 82 involuntary celibate adults aged 18 to 64 years, Donnelly and colleagues found that nearly all adult virgins never dated anyone, including in adolescence. Thus, findings converge to support the importance of romantic and sexual experiences during adolescence for ongoing romantic and sexual development in adulthood. Additionally, this study revealed that these adult virgins perceived themselves as being very shy and unable to establish social contacts, and reported body image issues, such as being overweight and perceiving their physical appearance to be an obstacle to their sexuality.” | |||
The authors of ''Has Virginity Lost Its Virtue?: Relationship Stigma Associated With Being A Sexually Inexperienced Adult.'' also confirmed that experiencing sexual activity and relationships late in life is harmful, writing: "Because intimate relationships are essential to well-being, especially across the adult life course, it seems that being a late bloomer with sexual debut could be associated with negative social and interpersonal consequences." | |||
<span style="font-size:125%">'''Discussion:'''</span> | |||
Many bluepilled people frequently say that missing out on teenage relationships and sexual activity is completely harmless and fine and that it isn't unusual, but nonetheless, a majority of people lose their virginity in their older teenage years and usually experience their first date, first relationship, and first kiss in their teenage years. Missing out on teenage love will make it more difficult for people to have experience during their 20s and older, making them way behind their peers when it comes to relationships and less compatible with potential mates. Being able to experience relationships in the teenage years when we become adults and learn how to behave like adults helps us with our interpersonal skills during relationships and missing out on this makes us interpersonally incompatible with our peers in our 20s and after our 20s. | |||
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span> | |||
*Baarsma, M. E., Boonmann, C., ’t Hart-Kerkhoffs, L. A., de Graaf, H., Doreleijers, T. A. H., Vermeiren, R. R. J. M., & Jansen, L. M. C. (2016). Sexuality and Autistic-Like Symptoms in Juvenile Sex Offenders: A Follow-Up After 8 Years. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(8), 2679–2691. doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2805-6. [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4938848/pdf/10803_2016_Article_2805.pdf FullText]] | |||
*Boislard, M.-A., van de Bongardt, D., & Blais, M. (2016). Sexuality (and Lack Thereof) in Adolescence and Early Adulthood: A Review of the Literature. Behavioral Sciences, 6(1), 8.doi:10.3390/bs6010008. [[https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/171f/648087db3b57d575a35dcb503f1dab217cec.pdf?_ga=2.180193636.1964169681.1595134877-998069284.1595134877 FullText]] | |||
*Donnelly, D., Burgess, E., Anderson, S., Davis, R., & Dillard, J. (2001). Involuntary celibacy: A life course analysis. Journal of Sex Research, 38(2), 159–169.doi:10.1080/00224490109552083. | |||
*Gesselman, A. N., Webster, G. D., & Garcia, J. R. (2016). Has Virginity Lost Its Virtue? Relationship Stigma Associated With Being a Sexually Inexperienced Adult. The Journal of Sex Research, 54(2), 202–213. doi:10.1080/00224499.2016.1144042. | |||
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="A_stigma_against_virginity_exists_and_51%_of_women_refuse_to_date_a_virgin">A stigma against virginity exists and 51% of women refuse to date a virgin</span>=== | |||
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According to a study in ''The Journal of Sex Research'', people are judgmental towards virgins in real life, not just in movies or television shows. In the first part of the study, researchers asked 560 heterosexual adults ages 18 to 71, about a quarter of whom were virgins, to rate their agreement with statements like "I feel that I am odd or abnormal because of my level of sexual experience" and "People treat me differently because of my level of sexual experience." Researchers discovered that virgins—but not those who were very sexually experienced—perceived a lot of stigma and exclusion around their sex lives. Then, the researchers asked another group of 4,934 single, heterosexual adults 21 and over, "How likely are you to consider getting into a committed relationship with someone who is a virgin?" The results confirmed the first findings: People rated their likelihood of dating a virgin at a 2.41, below the scale's midpoint of 2.5. The researchers also found that virgins were even less likely than non-virgins to be willing to enter a relationship with another virgin. Nonetheless, mysteriously, another study shows that virgins are more willing than non-virgins to date other virgins. In the third part of the study, college students ranked dating profiles of virgins and non-virgins, and the latter were again considered more desirable dates. Nonetheless, in this case, virgins were more willing than the rest of the population to dating another virgin. In a survey conducted by Match.com among single men and women who are non-members of Match.com (i.e.: ''not'' members of Match.com), 42% of respondents said they refuse to date a virgin (51% of women, compared to only 33% of men). Younger single adults were less willing to date a virgin than older single adults. | |||
<span style="font-size:125%">'''Discussion:'''</span> | |||
Although this means that 49% of single women are willing to date a virgin, there are still many women who refuse to. This means that if an adult male virgin tries to start relationships with women, he will face a lot of rejections half the time. Although one study shows that virgins are more willing than non-virgins to date other virgins, another shows that virgins are less willing than non-virgins to date another virgin, and even if virgins are willing to date a virgin, virgins are very rare by young adulthood. | |||
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span> | |||
*[https://match.mediaroom.com/2013-02-05-Singles-in-America-Match-com-Releases-Third-Annual-Comprehensive-Study-on-the-Single-Population Singles in America: Match.com Releases Third Annual Comprehensive Study on the Single Population]. Match.com. February 5, 2013. | |||
*Weiss, Suzannah (March 30, 2016). "[https://www.glamour.com/story/stigma-against-virgins The Stigma Against Virgins Is Real, Study Says. ''Glamour''. | |||
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: normal;" id="Involuntarily_celibate_people_often_were_ostracized,_bullied,_and_socially_withdrawn_during_childhood">Involuntarily celibate people often were ostracized, bullied, and socially withdrawn during childhood</span>=== | |||
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A 2011 study by Marie-Aude Boislard, François Poulin, and Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck found that there is no singular route to adulthood virginity. While media attention has covered young people voluntarily choosing sexual abstinence, others seem to continue being a virgin due to a lack of choice. The study found that, during late childhood, individuals who matured into involuntary virgins were: more victimized and ridiculed by peers as children, socially withdrawn (preferred to play alone), and also less liked and accepted by their peers. The study says: "Our study suggests that a proportion of adult virgins have been on a life-long trajectory of low integration and unpopularity among peers. This seems to extend to a lack of sexual opportunities in emerging adulthood, but more research in the area is needed to draw conclusions." | |||
<span style="font-size:125%">'''Discussion:'''</span> | |||
This study is consistent with the survey results on incel forums like [[incels.co]]. On incels.co, the vast majority of respondents in polls say they were bullied at some time in their life, whether it was childhood, adolescence, or adulthood. | |||
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span> | |||
*Boislard, M.A., Poulin, F. & Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J. (2011, March). Childhood predictors of adulthood virginity: A 10-year prospective study. Poster session presented at the Eastern & Midcontinent Joint Region Conference of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality, Philadelphia, PA. | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||