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Physiognomy: Difference between revisions
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* Studies conducted in 2013 found that people were able to accurately predict the outcomes of fights based on facial features, above chance. The fighters with faces rated as more aggressive were more likely to win their bouts, but they was also confounded by weight, thus it only held true for heavyweight fighters. The facial features associated with aggressiveness were an overall broader face, broader chin, darker eyebrows and [[hunter eyes|horizontally narrowed eyes]].<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0956797613477117</ref> | * Studies conducted in 2013 found that people were able to accurately predict the outcomes of fights based on facial features, above chance. The fighters with faces rated as more aggressive were more likely to win their bouts, but they was also confounded by weight, thus it only held true for heavyweight fighters. The facial features associated with aggressiveness were an overall broader face, broader chin, darker eyebrows and [[hunter eyes|horizontally narrowed eyes]].<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0956797613477117</ref> | ||
* Holtzman (2011) created a series of prototypical faces corresponding to each of the traits of the [[dark triad]], using the photos of 81 study participants, who completed self-report inventories designed to measure the levels of the dark triad traits. The participants were also evaluated in regards to their level of dark triad traits by their peers. It was found that observers could (above chance) correctly distinguish between high and low morphs of the various "dark traits", thus lending some evidence to the idea that these traits are correlated with a certain facial structure. This correlation was explained by several hypothesis, the facial traits and the dark triad being co-evolved, the facial traits influencing people's self perception and thus behavior, or that individuals are possibly conditioned to behave in a way 'congruent' with their facial structure by peers, through constant social reinforcement.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232381817_Facing_a_psychopath_Detecting_the_Dark_Triad_from_emotionally-neutral_faces_using_prototypes_from_the_Personality_Faceaurus#pf6</ref> | * Holtzman (2011) created a series of prototypical faces corresponding to each of the traits of the [[dark triad]], using the photos of 81 study participants, who completed self-report inventories designed to measure the levels of the dark triad traits. The participants were also evaluated in regards to their level of dark triad traits by their peers. It was found that observers could (above chance) correctly distinguish between high and low morphs of the various "dark traits", thus lending some evidence to the idea that these traits are correlated with a certain facial structure. This correlation was explained by several hypothesis, the facial traits and the dark triad being co-evolved, the facial traits influencing people's self perception and thus behavior, or that individuals are possibly conditioned to behave in a way 'congruent' with their facial structure by peers, through constant social reinforcement.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232381817_Facing_a_psychopath_Detecting_the_Dark_Triad_from_emotionally-neutral_faces_using_prototypes_from_the_Personality_Faceaurus#pf6</ref> | ||
* A Chinese study on the association between fWHR and domestic violence (Wen & Zheng, 2020) was conducted on a Chinese sample (N= 144) consisting of individuals of both sexes. The study found a medium effect size (d = .67) for greater fWHR (as measured to the midbrow) and men's likelihood of being involved in a domestic violence incident in the past. No such association was found for the female subjects, though greater fWHR was associated with certain aspects of interpersonal dominance. The effect size was much more substantial for fWHR as measured to the midbrow compared to measuring it to the eyelid, though both were statistically significant and fairly large compared to the usual effects one finds in the social sciences. This discrepancy in effect sizes for the two alternative forms of measuring of fWHR may suggest the midbrow measurement is more accurate in terms of discerning the effects this particular facial metric has on behavior, which is something to keep in mind when interperating the results of studies related to fWHR. <ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0191886920300222</ref> | |||
* A Chinese study claimed to be able to tell whether someone is a criminal based on machine learning, but the technique turned out to detect smiling instead.<ref>https://twitter.com/davidjayharris/status/1103636069180993537</ref> | * A Chinese study claimed to be able to tell whether someone is a criminal based on machine learning, but the technique turned out to detect smiling instead.<ref>https://twitter.com/davidjayharris/status/1103636069180993537</ref> | ||
===Homosexual physiognomy=== | ===Homosexual physiognomy=== | ||
* Skorska et al. (2015) used a computer modelling program that examined the facial metrics of N = 390 male and female subjects of varying sexual orientations. It was found that lesbian women had 'marginally more masculine facial shapes', upturned noses, puckered mouths and smaller foreheads than heterosexual women. Homosexual men tended to have more sloped foreheads, convex cheeks and smaller noses (with nose size being typically considered a masculine feature, perhaps due to larger noses generally indicating greater pre-natal androgen exposure, when controlling for ethnicity) <ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1068/p240969</ref> compared to heterosexual men. Therefore, the researchers concluded that facial structure was associated with sexuality in both men and women. This is likely due to pre-natal hormonal exposure playing an important role in determining later sexual preferences, while also partially determining facial bone development.<ref>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25550146/</ref> | * Skorska et al. (2015) used a computer modelling program that examined the facial metrics of N = 390 male and female subjects of varying sexual orientations. It was found that lesbian women had 'marginally more masculine facial shapes', upturned noses, puckered mouths and smaller foreheads than heterosexual women. Homosexual men tended to have more sloped foreheads, convex cheeks and smaller noses (with nose size being typically considered a masculine feature, perhaps due to larger noses generally indicating greater pre-natal androgen exposure, when controlling for ethnicity) <ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1068/p240969</ref> compared to heterosexual men. Therefore, the researchers concluded that facial structure was associated with sexuality in both men and women. This is likely due to pre-natal hormonal exposure playing an important role in determining later sexual preferences, while also partially determining facial bone development.<ref>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25550146/</ref> | ||