Physiognomy: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Physiognomy (edit)

Revision as of 13:02, 1 June 2020

130 bytes removed ,  1 June 2020
m
no edit summary
mNo edit summary
Line 18: Line 18:
==Modern physiognomy research==
==Modern physiognomy research==
In recent years, many studies have concluded that facial features are correlated with perceived and actual personality and character traits. The following is a quick summary of some of these findings:
In recent years, many studies have concluded that facial features are correlated with perceived and actual personality and character traits. The following is a quick summary of some of these findings:
* A meta-analysis of 19 studies found a weak but statistically significant correlation between [[fWHR]] (a measure of the broadness of the face) and aggression, ranging from r = .09 for field and archival studies to r = .21 for studies conducted in research labs.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4388848/</ref> Another study in 2016 found weak but significant correlations between various psychopathic traits and fWHR, (r = .12 for the whole sample and r = .27 for a sample of prison inmates). This is mediated by an association between fWHR and higher levels of pubertal [[testosterone]] exposure.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0191886915005759</ref> A study in 2017 found that fWHR influences social status; with Popes and CEOs typically having higher than average fWHRs. This is due to either broadfaced leaders leaders being more effective and socially dominant, or due to them being perceived to be so.
===Criminal/violent physiognomy===
* A twin study in 2017 found a weak but significant relationship between wider [[IPD]] (Interpupillary distance) and actual measured [[IQ]].<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160289617300843</ref> An earlier study found that people were able to accurately gauge measured IQ from a photograph, but this only held true in the case of men's IQ, and not women's.<ref>https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0081237</ref>
* A meta-analysis of 19 studies found a weak but statistically significant correlation between [[fWHR]] (a measure of the broadness of the face) and aggression, ranging from r = .09 for field and archival studies to r = .21 for studies conducted in research labs.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4388848/</ref> Another study in 2016 found weak but significant correlations between various psychopathic traits and fWHR, (r = .12 for the whole sample and r = .27 for a sample of prison inmates). This is mediated by an association between fWHR and higher levels of pubertal [[testosterone]] exposure.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0191886915005759</ref>
* Studies conducted in 2013 found that people were able to accurately predict the outcomes of fights based on facial features, above chance. The fighters with faces rated as more aggressive were more likely to win their bouts, but they was also confounded by weight, thus it only held true for heavyweight fighters. The facial features associated with aggressiveness were an overall broader face, broader chin, darker eyebrows and [[hunter eyes|horizontally narrowed eyes]].<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0956797613477117</ref>
* Studies conducted in 2013 found that people were able to accurately predict the outcomes of fights based on facial features, above chance. The fighters with faces rated as more aggressive were more likely to win their bouts, but they was also confounded by weight, thus it only held true for heavyweight fighters. The facial features associated with aggressiveness were an overall broader face, broader chin, darker eyebrows and [[hunter eyes|horizontally narrowed eyes]].<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0956797613477117</ref>
* Skorska et al. (2015) used a computer modelling program that examined the facial metrics of N = 390 male and female subjects of varying sexual orientations. It was found that lesbian women had 'marginally more masculine facial shapes', upturned noses, puckered mouths and smaller foreheads than heterosexual women. Homosexual men tended to have more sloped foreheads, convex cheeks and smaller noses (with nose size being typically considered a masculine feature, perhaps due to larger noses generally indicating greater pre-natal androgen exposure, when controlling for ethnicity). <ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1068/p240969</ref>  compared to heterosexual men. Therefore, the researchers concluded that facial structure was associated with sexuality in both men and women. This is likely due to pre-natal hormonal exposure playing an important role in determining later sexual preferences, while also partially determining facial bone development.<ref>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25550146/</ref>
* Wang & Kosinski (2017) used a deep neural network that, analyzing 35,326 'selfie' images, correctly determined homosexuality in 81% of cases for men, and in 74% of cases for women.<ref>https://osf.io/zn79k/</ref> This was compared to human judges, who could distinguish a man's homosexuality in 61% of cases and women's in 54% of cases (slightly above chance). This study has been heavily criticized, however, for being confounded by differences in facial expression, grooming, clothing, camera angle and other contextual factors unrelated to facial structure.
* Holtzman (2011) created a series of prototypical faces corresponding to each of the traits of the [[dark triad]], using the photos of 81 study participants, who completed self-report inventories designed to measure the levels of the dark triad traits. The participants were also evaluated in regards to their level of dark triad traits by their peers. It was found that observers could (above chance) correctly distinguish between high and low morphs of the various "dark traits", thus lending some evidence to the idea that these traits are correlated with a certain facial structure. This correlation was explained by several hypothesis, the facial traits and the dark triad being co-evolved, the facial traits influencing people's self perception and thus behavior, or that individuals are possibly conditioned to behave in a way 'congruent' with their facial structure by peers, through constant social reinforcement.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232381817_Facing_a_psychopath_Detecting_the_Dark_Triad_from_emotionally-neutral_faces_using_prototypes_from_the_Personality_Faceaurus#pf6</ref>
* Holtzman (2011) created a series of prototypical faces corresponding to each of the traits of the [[dark triad]], using the photos of 81 study participants, who completed self-report inventories designed to measure the levels of the dark triad traits. The participants were also evaluated in regards to their level of dark triad traits by their peers. It was found that observers could (above chance) correctly distinguish between high and low morphs of the various "dark traits", thus lending some evidence to the idea that these traits are correlated with a certain facial structure. This correlation was explained by several hypothesis, the facial traits and the dark triad being co-evolved, the facial traits influencing people's self perception and thus behavior, or that individuals are possibly conditioned to behave in a way 'congruent' with their facial structure by peers, through constant social reinforcement.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232381817_Facing_a_psychopath_Detecting_the_Dark_Triad_from_emotionally-neutral_faces_using_prototypes_from_the_Personality_Faceaurus#pf6</ref>
* A Chinese study claimed to be able to tell whether someone is a criminal based on machine learning, but the technique turned out to detect smiling instead.<ref>https://twitter.com/davidjayharris/status/1103636069180993537</ref>
* A Chinese study claimed to be able to tell whether someone is a criminal based on machine learning, but the technique turned out to detect smiling instead.<ref>https://twitter.com/davidjayharris/status/1103636069180993537</ref>
===Homosexual physiognomy===
* Skorska et al. (2015) used a computer modelling program that examined the facial metrics of N = 390 male and female subjects of varying sexual orientations. It was found that lesbian women had 'marginally more masculine facial shapes', upturned noses, puckered mouths and smaller foreheads than heterosexual women. Homosexual men tended to have more sloped foreheads, convex cheeks and smaller noses (with nose size being typically considered a masculine feature, perhaps due to larger noses generally indicating greater pre-natal androgen exposure, when controlling for ethnicity) <ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1068/p240969</ref>  compared to heterosexual men. Therefore, the researchers concluded that facial structure was associated with sexuality in both men and women. This is likely due to pre-natal hormonal exposure playing an important role in determining later sexual preferences, while also partially determining facial bone development.<ref>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25550146/</ref>
* Wang & Kosinski (2017) used a deep neural network that, analyzing 35,326 'selfie' images, correctly determined homosexuality in 81% of cases for men, and in 74% of cases for women.<ref>https://osf.io/zn79k/</ref> This was compared to human judges, who could distinguish a man's homosexuality in 61% of cases and women's in 54% of cases (slightly above chance). This study has been heavily criticized, however, for being confounded by differences in facial expression, grooming, clothing, camera angle and other contextual factors unrelated to facial structure.
===Intelligence physiognomy===
* A twin study in 2017 found a weak but significant relationship between wider [[IPD]] (Interpupillary distance) and actual measured [[IQ]].<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160289617300843</ref> An earlier study found that people were able to accurately gauge measured IQ from a photograph, but this only held true in the case of men's IQ, and not women's.<ref>https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0081237</ref>
===Mental health physiognomy===
* Certain behavioral conditions may result in particular facial expressions. E.g. very intense people might bite their lips, crunch their teeth etc. Autists are often described to have an empty, monotonous facial expression. Some mental conditions result in a tilted mouth. Socially excluded individuals may develop ticks as nobody is there to correct their behavior or as a stress-induced tics. People are, in fact, able to infer other's mental conditions above chance level based on photos.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0092656618300394</ref> Autist are often recognized as less approachable and attractive within seconds.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Autists_are_judged_as_awkward.2C_less_physically_attractive_and_less_approachable_within_seconds</ref>
* Certain behavioral conditions may result in particular facial expressions. E.g. very intense people might bite their lips, crunch their teeth etc. Autists are often described to have an empty, monotonous facial expression. Some mental conditions result in a tilted mouth. Socially excluded individuals may develop ticks as nobody is there to correct their behavior or as a stress-induced tics. People are, in fact, able to infer other's mental conditions above chance level based on photos.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0092656618300394</ref> Autist are often recognized as less approachable and attractive within seconds.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Autists_are_judged_as_awkward.2C_less_physically_attractive_and_less_approachable_within_seconds</ref>


Retrieved from "https://incels.wiki/w/Special:MobileDiff/54539"

Navigation menu