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It also seems unclear as to whether or to what extent a higher fWHR is associated with facial masculinity. Researchers in 2015 has found no positive link between fWHR and rater's evaluations of men's facial masculinity.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090513814001640</ref> | It also seems unclear as to whether or to what extent a higher fWHR is associated with facial masculinity. Researchers in 2015 has found no positive link between fWHR and rater's evaluations of men's facial masculinity.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090513814001640</ref> | ||
Another set of researchers also discovered fWHR was ''negatively'' correlated with 'global facial masculinity' in their dataset (N = 188, r = -0.32).<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090513813000275</ref> This may have been confounded somewhat by the positive association between fWHR and greater levels of facial fat, which is a feminine sexually dimorphic trait, derived from the influence women's higher estrogen levels have on their levels of subcutaneous fat and the distribution of said fat. The researchers controlled for BMI but not for facial adiposity in particular. | Another set of researchers also discovered fWHR was ''negatively'' correlated with 'global facial masculinity' in their dataset (N = 188, r = -0.32).<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090513813000275</ref> This may have been confounded somewhat by the positive association between fWHR and greater levels of facial fat, which is a feminine sexually dimorphic trait, derived from the influence women's higher estrogen levels have on their levels of subcutaneous fat and the distribution of said fat. The researchers controlled for BMI but not for facial adiposity in particular. | ||
Very likely the extremes are regarded as unattractive, i.e. an adipose face in the one extreme and a very flat face, sometimes called "horseface", in the other extreme. There evidence that faces have become elongated, i.e. more flat in modern societies, which may imply an increased occurrence of horsefaces.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Men_with_dominant.2C_aggressive_faces_.28high_fWHR.29_are_preferred_for_short_term_relationships</ref> | |||
==fWHR and social perceptions== | ==fWHR and social perceptions== |