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[[File:FWHR-Carré-2008.gif|thumb|right]] | [[File:FWHR-Carré-2008.gif|thumb|right]] | ||
'''Facial width-to-height ratio''' (or short '''FWHR'''), measures how broad the face is in relation to the [[height]] of the face. FWHR was only discovered in the last few years but in that short amount of time it has been found in some studies that FWHR is correlated with such things as dominance, aggression, psychopathy, short term attraction, fighting ability, financial success, risk-taking behavior, trustworthiness, sex drive, status, and pre-natal testosterone exposure or adult testosterone levels. | '''Facial width-to-height ratio''' (or short '''FWHR'''), measures how broad the face is in relation to the [[height]] of the face. FWHR was only discovered in the last few years but in that short amount of time it has been found in some studies that FWHR is correlated with such things as dominance, aggression, psychopathy, short term attraction, fighting ability, financial success, risk-taking behavior, trustworthiness, sex drive, status, and pre-natal testosterone exposure or adult testosterone levels. | ||
FWHR does not seem to be sexually dimorphic,<ref>Lefevre, C. E., Lewis, G. J., Bates, T. C., Dzhelyova, M., Coetzee, V., Deary, I. J., & Perrett, D. I. (2012). No evidence for [[sexual dimorphism]] of facial width-to-height ratio in four large adult samples. Evolution and Human Behavior, 33(6), 623-627</ref> and very low FWHRs, i.e. flat faces tend to be unattractive in both sexes, sometimes referred to as ''fish face''. | |||
While some of these findings have been replicated, others have been criticized on methodological grounds, or have flatly failed to replicate, such as the purported link between fWHR and adolescent or adult serum testosterone levels.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310461784_Commentary_Facial_Width-to-Height_Ratio_fWHR_Is_Not_Associated_with_Adolescent_Testosterone_Levels</ref><ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329686209_Further_Evidence_that_Facial_Width-to-Height_Ratio_and_Global_Facial_Masculinity_Are_Not_Positively_Associated_with_Testosterone_Levels</ref> | While some of these findings have been replicated, others have been criticized on methodological grounds, or have flatly failed to replicate, such as the purported link between fWHR and adolescent or adult serum testosterone levels.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310461784_Commentary_Facial_Width-to-Height_Ratio_fWHR_Is_Not_Associated_with_Adolescent_Testosterone_Levels</ref><ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329686209_Further_Evidence_that_Facial_Width-to-Height_Ratio_and_Global_Facial_Masculinity_Are_Not_Positively_Associated_with_Testosterone_Levels</ref> | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
*Carré, J. M., & McCormick, C. M. (2008). In your face: facial metrics predict aggressive behaviour in the laboratory and in varsity and professional hockey players. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 275(1651), 2651-2656. | *Carré, J. M., & McCormick, C. M. (2008). In your face: facial metrics predict aggressive behaviour in the laboratory and in varsity and professional hockey players. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 275(1651), 2651-2656. | ||
*Lefevre, C. E., Lewis, G. J., Perrett, D. I., & Penke, L. (2013). [http://www.larspenke.eu/pdfs/Lefevre_Lewis_Perrett_Penke_in_press_-_fWHR_and_reactive_T.pdf Telling facial metrics: facial width is associated with testosterone levels in men.] Evolution and Human Behavior, 34(4), 273-279. "Measure of fWHR: horizontal lines represent the distance between the upper lip and highest point of the eyelids (upper face height), vertical lines represent the maximum distance between the left and right facial boundary (bizygomatic width). fWHR was calculated as width divided by height." | *Lefevre, C. E., Lewis, G. J., Perrett, D. I., & Penke, L. (2013). [http://www.larspenke.eu/pdfs/Lefevre_Lewis_Perrett_Penke_in_press_-_fWHR_and_reactive_T.pdf Telling facial metrics: facial width is associated with testosterone levels in men.] Evolution and Human Behavior, 34(4), 273-279. "Measure of fWHR: horizontal lines represent the distance between the upper lip and highest point of the eyelids (upper face height), vertical lines represent the maximum distance between the left and right facial boundary (bizygomatic width). fWHR was calculated as width divided by height." | ||
*Loehr, J., & O'Hara, R. B. (2013). Facial morphology predicts male fitness and rank but not. | *Loehr, J., & O'Hara, R. B. (2013). Facial morphology predicts male fitness and rank but not. | ||