Asperger's syndrome: Difference between revisions

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'''Asperger's Syndrome''' is an Autism Spectrum "Disorder" (ASD) that can contribute to someones [[inceldom]]. The diagnosis was previously distinct from ASD in the United States, but was subsumed into the broader diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-5 manual released by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 2013.<ref>https://iancommunity.org/cs/simons_simplex_community/dsm5_and_asd</ref> It is still recognized in the ICD-11 maintained by the World Health Organization as a subset of autism.<ref>https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/120443468</ref>  
'''Asperger's Syndrome''' is an Autism Spectrum "Disorder" (ASD) that can contribute to someones [[inceldom]]. The diagnosis was previously distinct from ASD in the United States but was subsumed into the broader diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-5 manual released by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 2013.<ref>https://iancommunity.org/cs/simons_simplex_community/dsm5_and_asd</ref> It is still recognized in the ICD-11 maintained by the World Health Organization as a subset of autism.<ref>https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/120443468</ref>  


The diagnosis of Asperger's syndrome is/was dependent on the subject meeting the criteria for a certain level of autistic symptoms such as social deficits and obsessive interests while having an [[IQ]] in the normal range or higher and not experiencing any developmental delay in language acquisition.  
The diagnosis of Asperger's syndrome is/was dependent on the subject meeting the criteria for a certain level of autistic symptoms such as social deficits and obsessive interests while having an [[IQ]] in the normal range or higher and not experiencing any developmental delay in language acquisition.  
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People with Asperger's often experience difficulty socializing and blending in with [[normies]], often due to being bad with emotional recognition and expression, the condition sometimes being co-morbid or conflated with Prosopagnosia (face-blindness).<ref>https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/my-life-aspergers/201303/how-much-aspergers-is-really-face-or-emotion-blindness</ref>
People with Asperger's often experience difficulty socializing and blending in with [[normies]], often due to being bad with emotional recognition and expression, the condition sometimes being co-morbid or conflated with Prosopagnosia (face-blindness).<ref>https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/my-life-aspergers/201303/how-much-aspergers-is-really-face-or-emotion-blindness</ref>


On the other hand, they are often exceptionally good at recognizing patterns and investigating certain topics with intense focus. People with Asperger's are also vulnerable targets of [[PUA|pick up artists]] who scam them into buying into their ineffective programs, with Aspies often being subject to the "[[Attraction ambiguity problem]]".<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0191886918300941</ref>
On the other hand, they are often exceptionally good at recognizing patterns and investigating certain topics with intense focus. People with Asperger's are also vulnerable targets of [[PUA|pick up artists]] who scam them into buying into their ineffective programs, with Aspies being particularly susceptible to the "[[Attraction ambiguity problem]]".<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0191886918300941</ref>


==Origin of the term==
==Origin of the term==
The condition is named after Hans Asperger, an Austrian paediatrician who first described the disorder in a medical context, dubbing the condition "autistic psychopathy"(in German the word "psychopathische" was often used to refer to any type of mental illness).<ref>''Die ‘Autistischen Psychopathen’ im Kindesalter'', Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten (1944), 117, pp. 76-136 German:http://www.neurodiversity.com/library_asperger_1944.html English translation:https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1992-97284-002</ref><ref>"The term psychopathy itself gained a specific and notorious meaning of a condition of amorality and anti-social or violent behaviour. Such a morally pejorative concept is said to have not been intended by Koch; he had applied the term 'psychopathic' to mean originating from an organic defect in the brain, and the term inferiority to simply refer to dysfunction. However, it was probably his concept and terminology that provided the unfortunate conglomeration of aspects of inferiority, amorality and socially harmful behavior."https://peoplepill.com/people/julius-ludwig-august-koch/ </ref> Asperger is a highly controversial figure due to revelations he contributed to the Nazi Aktion T4 'euthanasia' program,<ref>https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05112-1</ref> and recent discovery of his role in the T4 program may have also been a factor in the redefinition of the disorder by the APA.
The condition is named after Hans Asperger, an Austrian pediatrician who first described the disorder in a medical context, dubbing the condition "autistic psychopathy"(in German the word "psychopathische" was often used to refer to any type of mental illness).<ref>''Die ‘Autistischen Psychopathen’ im Kindesalter'', Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten (1944), 117, pp. 76-136 German:http://www.neurodiversity.com/library_asperger_1944.html English translation:https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1992-97284-002</ref><ref>"The term psychopathy itself gained a specific and notorious meaning of a condition of amorality and anti-social or violent behavior. Such a morally pejorative concept is said to have not been intended by Koch; he had applied the term 'psychopathic' to mean originating from an organic defect in the brain, and the term inferiority to simply refer to dysfunction. However, it was probably his concept and terminology that provided the unfortunate conglomeration of aspects of inferiority, amorality and socially harmful behavior."https://peoplepill.com/people/julius-ludwig-august-koch/ </ref> Asperger is now a highly controversial figure due to revelations he contributed to the Nazi Aktion T4 'euthanasia' program,<ref>https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05112-1</ref> recent discovery of his role in the T4 program may have also been a factor in the redefinition of the disorder by the APA.
==Autism and inceldom==
 
===69% of high functioning autistic adolescents want relationships, but almost none succeed===
===69% of high functioning autistic adolescents want relationships, but almost none succeed===


The parents of 190 adolescents with high and low functioning autism were surveyed to evaluate the adolescents' perspectives around sexuality.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262581068_Brief_Report_Parent-Child_Sexuality_Communication_and_Autism_Spectrum_Disorders</ref><ref> Graham Holmes, Laura & Himle, Michael. (2014). Brief Report: Parent-Child Sexuality Communication and Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 44. 10.1007/s10803-014-2146-2</ref>
The parents of 190 adolescents with high and low functioning autism were surveyed to evaluate the adolescents' perspectives regarding sexuality.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262581068_Brief_Report_Parent-Child_Sexuality_Communication_and_Autism_Spectrum_Disorders</ref><ref> Graham Holmes, Laura & Himle, Michael. (2014). Brief Report: Parent-Child Sexuality Communication and Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 44. 10.1007/s10803-014-2146-2</ref>


The adolescents upon whom parents were reporting were predominantly Caucasian (89.3 %) males (86.8 %) with a median age of 14 years (M = 14.51, SD = 1.96).
The adolescents upon whom parents were reporting were predominantly Caucasian (89.3 %) males (86.8 %) with a median age of 14 years (M = 14.51, SD = 1.96).
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Findings were:  
Findings were:  


* 69.2% of adolescents with high functioning autism expressed desire for a dating relationship.
* 69.2% of adolescents with high functioning autism expressed the desire for a dating relationship.
* 73.1% with high functioning autism expressed attraction to someone of the opposite sex, and 10.0% to the same sex.
* 73.1% with high functioning autism expressed attraction to someone of the opposite sex, and 10.0% to the same sex.
* However, only 7.7% of this high functioning autistic cohort reported having had a relationship with someone of the opposite sex, and 1.5% with someone of the same sex.
* However, only 7.7% of this high functioning autistic cohort reported having had a relationship with someone of the opposite sex, and 1.5% with someone of the same sex.
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===44.6% of high functioning adult autistic men remain virgins, despite high sex/relationship drive===
===44.6% of high functioning adult autistic men remain virgins, despite high sex/relationship drive===


A group of high functioning autistic men and women were evaluated and compared with healthy controls to assess their sexual and relationship desires and success/failure to achieve those desires.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5789215/
A group of high functioning autistic men and women were evaluated and compared with healthy controls to assess their sexual and relationship desires and capability to achieve those desires.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5789215/
</ref>
</ref>


44.6% of autistic men were found to still virgins among a sample with the average age being 35.7 years.  (Note: This figure is likely understating the number of ASD men who are incel, as there are a disproportionately higher number of homosexual/biseuxal men with ASD compared to NTs. The researchers lumped these into a single group.) This is also despite men with ASD reporting having higher levels of sexual desire and masturbating more frequently then NT men.
44.6% of autistic men were found to be virgins among a sample with the average age being 35.7 years.  (Note: This figure is likely understating the number of ASD men who are incel, as there are a disproportionately higher number of homosexual/bisexual men with ASD compared to neurotypicals (NTs). The researchers lumped these men into a single group.)  


Autistic men were found to masturbate more and have a greater desire for a relationship than normal neurotypical (NT) men. However, only 16% of autistic men were in a relationship while 82% of NT men were in a relationship. NT men were 5x more likely to be in a relationship than their autistic counterparts.
Autistic men were found to masturbate more and have a greater desire for a relationship than normal men. So their perpetual virginity couldn't be attributed to a lack of interest in sex. However, despite their strong desire for sexual relationships, only 16% of autistic men were in such a relationship while 82% of NT men were in a relationship. Thus, NT men were 5x more likely to be in a relationship than their autistic counterparts.


Autism did not so greatly reduce women's ability to find relationships with men, as 46% of women were able to have relationships, while only 16% of men were. It was also noted that Female ASD individuals were significantly younger at time of first sexual intercourse (then males with ASD).
Autism did not so greatly reduce women's ability to find relationships with men, as 46% of women were able to have relationships, while only 16% of men were. It was also noted that Female ASD individuals were significantly younger at the time of first sexual intercourse (than males with ASD).


This is possibly due to the fact that autism reduces an individual's capacity for emotional interaction, but normal men crave emotional interaction less than normal women, so this will disproportionately impair an autistic man's attempts to find a relationship vs. an autistic woman's. Another possible explanation is that autists, due to their atypical behavior and emotional recognition deficits, find it difficult to navigate complex social dominance hierarchies, and are also socially excluded because of these atypical behaviors.<ref>https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10803-019-04101-1#aboutcontent</ref>
This may be due to autism reducing an individual's capacity for emotional interaction, but normal men also crave emotional interaction less than normal women, so this will disproportionately impair an autistic man's attempts to find a relationship vs. an autistic woman's. Another possible explanation is that autists, due to their atypical behavior and emotional recognition deficits, find it difficult to navigate complex social dominance hierarchies, and are also socially excluded because of these atypical behaviors. Due to women's preference for male status and the fact that men are expected to take the dominant, initiating role in sexual relationships, this would be expected to affect autistic men more than autistic women,<ref>https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10803-019-04101-1#aboutcontent</ref>


Autistic men were also burdened with a dramatically greater number of paraphilias which are considered "socially taboo". These paraphilias which appear to be part of their disease state can only be imagined to make their difficulties in finding sexual and romantic success more difficult.
Autistic men were also burdened with a dramatically greater number of paraphilias which are considered socially taboo. These paraphilias which appear to be part of their disease state can only be imagined to make their difficulties in finding sexual and romantic success more difficult.


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==Autism and suicide==
==Autism and suicide==
Numerous studies show the harms of autism are deep and painful to those who must bear them. Autistic individuals are subjected to at least 4-5x as much bullying as normal children. Autistic children report 28x more suicidal ideation or attempts compared to normal children.<ref> Dickerson Mayes S, Gorman AA, Hillwig-Garcia J, Syed E. 2013. Suicide ideation and attempts in children with autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. 7(1): 109-119. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1750946712000931</ref> Autistic adults report nearly 10 times as many suicidal thoughts.<ref> Collingwood J. 2018. Suicidal Thoughts 10 Times More Likely in Adults With Asperger’s. PsychCentral. https://psychcentral.com/news/2014/10/13/suicidal-thoughts-10-times-more-likely-in-adults-with-aspergers/76016.html</ref> Overall, people with autism are 7.53 times more likely to die by suicide, those with high-functioning autism having a greater risk of committing suicide than the low functioning, being 9.36 times more likely to commit suicide.<ref>Hirvikowski T, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Boman M, Larsson H. 2016. Premature mortality in autism spectrum disorder. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 208(3): 232-238. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/premature-mortality-in-autism-spectrum-disorder/4C9260DB64DFC29AF945D32D1C15E8F2</ref>
Numerous studies show the harms of autism are painful to those who bear them. Autistic individuals are subjected to at least 4-5x as much bullying as normal children. Autistic children report 28x more suicidal ideation or suicide attempts compared to normal children.<ref> Dickerson Mayes S, Gorman AA, Hillwig-Garcia J, Syed E. 2013. Suicide ideation and attempts in children with autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. 7(1): 109-119. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1750946712000931</ref> Autistic adults report nearly 10 times as many suicidal thoughts.<ref> Collingwood J. 2018. Suicidal Thoughts 10 Times More Likely in Adults With Asperger’s. PsychCentral. https://psychcentral.com/news/2014/10/13/suicidal-thoughts-10-times-more-likely-in-adults-with-aspergers/76016.html</ref> Overall, people with autism are 7.53 times more likely to die by suicide, those with high-functioning autism having a greater risk of committing suicide than the low functioning, being 9.36 times more likely to commit suicide.<ref>Hirvikowski T, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Boman M, Larsson H. 2016. Premature mortality in autism spectrum disorder. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 208(3): 232-238. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/premature-mortality-in-autism-spectrum-disorder/4C9260DB64DFC29AF945D32D1C15E8F2</ref>


A clinical cohort study of adults recently diagnosed with Asperger's Syndrome (N = 374, 256 men, 116 women) in 2014 found a much greater prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts/plans for suicide among adults with Asperger's as compared to the general population. Specifically adults with Asperger’s syndrome are much more likely to report lifetime experience of suicidal ideation than were individuals from a general UK population sample (odds ratio 9.6), and 35% of respondents reported having actually planned their suicide.<ref>Cassidy S, Bradley P, Robinson J, Allison C, McHugh M, Baron-Cohen S. 2014. Suicidal ideation and suicide plans or attempts in adults with Asperger’s syndrome attending a specialist diagnostic clinic: a clinical cohort study. Lancet Psychiatry 1:142-147 https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lanpsy/PIIS2215-0366(14)70248-2.pdf</ref>
A clinical cohort study of adults recently diagnosed with Asperger's Syndrome (N = 374, 256 men, 116 women) in 2014 found a much greater prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts/plans for suicide among adults with Asperger's as compared to the general population. Specifically, adults with Asperger’s syndrome are much more likely to report lifetime experience of suicidal ideation than were individuals from a general UK population sample (odds ratio 9.6), and 35% of respondents reported having planned their suicide.<ref>Cassidy S, Bradley P, Robinson J, Allison C, McHugh M, Baron-Cohen S. 2014. Suicidal ideation and suicide plans or attempts in adults with Asperger’s syndrome attending a specialist diagnostic clinic: a clinical cohort study. Lancet Psychiatry 1:142-147 https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lanpsy/PIIS2215-0366(14)70248-2.pdf</ref>


==Neurodiversity vs autistic pathology==
==Neurodiversity vs autism as a pathology==
There is debate in the autistic community as to whether or not high-functioning autism in particular should be treated as a health problem or not.  The "neurodivergent" or "neurodiversity" crowd argue the label is stigmatizing, or they imply autism is good/neutral.  Those opposed to the "neurodivergent" and "neurodiversity" movements claim that these movements downplay behavioral and social issues often found in those diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders.
There is a debate in the autistic community as to whether or not high-functioning autism, in particular, should be treated as a health problem or not.  The "neurodivergent" or "neurodiversity" crowd maintain the label is stigmatizing, or they imply autism is good/neutral.  Those opposed to the "neurodivergent" and "neurodiversity" movements claim that these movements downplay the behavioral and social issues often found in those diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders.


Providing some evidentiary support for those in the camp that argue that autism is not necessarily a deficit in and of itself, there is research that suggests much of the dire outcomes autists often face may be due to discrimination and ostracism by [[NT]]s.
Providing some evidentiary support for those in the camp that argue that autism is not necessarily a deficit in and of itself, there is research that suggests much of the dire social, employment and relationship outcomes autists often face may be substantially due to acts of discrimination and ostracism committed against them by [[NT]]s.


For example, Beutal et al. found that commonly stated autistic deficits in social cognitive functioning only played a relatively minor role in mediating poor social and economic outcomes, calling into question the importance of the 'established' psychological deficits of autists (such as lack of theory of mind, a prerequisite for empathy).<ref>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/aur.2055</ref>
For example, Beutal et al. found that commonly stated autistic deficits in social cognitive functioning only played a relatively minor role in mediating poor social and economic outcomes, calling into question the importance of the 'established' psychological deficits of autists (such as lack of theory of mind, a prerequisite for empathy).<ref>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/aur.2055</ref>


Related to this, Morrison et al. (2019) also found that, subsequent to three prearranged, unscripted 5 minute dyadic interactions between three dyads consisting of: two autists, two TDs (typicaly developing) or an autist and a TD dyad, only TD individuals desired to shun autists in subsequent interactions. This was despite both autistic and TD individuals both tending to evaluate autistic conversation partners as more awkward and less attractive.<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1362361319892701</ref>
Related to this, Morrison et al. (2019) also found that, after three prearranged, unscripted 5-minute dyadic interactions between three dyads consisting of two autistics, two TDs (typically developing) or an autist and a TD dyad, only TD individuals desired to shun autists in subsequent interactions. This was despite both autistic and TD individuals both tending to evaluate autistic conversation partners as more awkward and less attractive.<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1362361319892701</ref>


This suggests that much of the problems autists face in social interactions may simply be due to difference in communication styles (especially non-verbal communication), shared interests and presentation styles vs neurotypical interaction partners, as the quality of the conversations were evaluated by TD subjects as being equally high in both groups.<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1362361319892701</ref>  
This suggests that much of the problems autistics face in social interactions may simply be due to difference in communication styles (especially non-verbal communication), shared interests and presentation styles vs neurotypical interaction partners, as the quality of the conversations were evaluated by TD subjects as being equally high in both groups.<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1362361319892701</ref>  


Some research on college dorm-mates evaluated for their level of autistic traits has also found that those similar levels of aloofness (associated with the broader autism phenotype) tended to like each other more, with discordant warm and aloof combinations generally resulting in more interpersonal strife.<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1362361315585733</ref>
Some research on college dorm-mates evaluated for their level of autistic traits has also found that those similar levels of aloofness (associated with the broader autism phenotype) tended to like each other more, with discordant warm and aloof combinations generally resulting in more interpersonal strife.<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1362361315585733</ref>


This suggests that autists may generally get on fairly well with each other, but differences in presentation style, flatter affect, and difficulty expressing expected dominant or submissive social hierarchy based behaviors may cause autists to be seen as 'creepy', 'weird' or eccentric, leading to social exclusion and thus the social deficits the condition is known for.
This suggests that autists may generally get on fairly well with each other, but differences in presentation style, flatter affect, and difficulty expressing expected dominant or submissive social dominance hierarchy based behaviors may cause even very high-functioning autists to be commonly be perceived as 'creepy', 'weird' or, more charitably, eccentric, leading to social exclusion and thus the social deficits the condition is known for.


== Extreme male brain theory ==
== Extreme male brain theory ==
A major controversial theory of the etiology (cause) of ASD is known as the extreme male brain theory. The theory first proposed by the world famous autism researcher from the University of Cambridge, Simon Baron-Cohen, states that the major cause of ASD is excessive exposure to androgens (male sex hormones) during prenatal development. '''Baron-Cohen does not claim that persons with ASD are more 'masculine' then neuro-typicals, a point often lost on laymen'''. Baron-Cohen merely asserts that this 'extreme' masculinity takes form in a deficit of empathy in ASD individuals, as well as an increase in their mental tendency to attempt to systemise information they receive from the external environment, which a major cause of the obsessional interests and social deficits displayed by those with the disorder. The theory is supported by analysis on the amniotic fluid of children who were later diagnosed with ASD, which found evidence of elevated androgens (androstenedione and testosterone) in the placental fluid.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24888361?dopt=Abstract</ref> However the relationship between these factors is likely complex; as later studies have also found evidence of elevated levels of estrogens in the pre-natal environment of those later diagnosed with autism<ref>https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/07/190729094538.htm/</ref>. This is likely partially due to the activity of the enzyme [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromatase aromatase] in the placenta, converting some of the androgens to estrogens, and there is animal evidence that pre-natal estrogens can have a "paradoxical" masculinizing effect in the right context.
A major controversial theory of the etiology (cause) of ASD is known as the extreme male brain theory. The theory first proposed by the world-famous autism researcher from the University of Cambridge, Simon Baron-Cohen, states that the major cause of ASD is excessive exposure to androgens (male sex hormones) during prenatal development. '''Baron-Cohen does not claim that persons with ASD are more 'masculine' then neuro-typicals, a point often lost on laymen'''. Baron-Cohen merely asserts that this 'extreme' masculinity takes form in a deficit of empathy in ASD individuals, as well as an increase in their mental tendency to attempt to systematize information they receive from the external environment, which a major cause of the obsessional interests and social deficits displayed by those with the disorder. The theory is supported by analysis on the amniotic fluid of children who were later diagnosed with ASD, which found evidence of elevated androgens (androstenedione and testosterone) in the placental fluid.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24888361?dopt=Abstract</ref> However, the relationship between these factors is likely complex; as later studies have also found evidence of elevated levels of estrogens in the pre-natal environment of those later diagnosed with autism<ref>https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/07/190729094538.htm/</ref>. This is likely partially due to the activity of the enzyme [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromatase aromatase] in the placenta, converting some of the androgens to estrogens, as there is animal evidence that pre-natal estrogens can have a "paradoxical" masculinizing effect in the right context.


The complementary imprinted brain theory puts psychotic spectrum disorders (such as schizophrenia) on the opposite end of a spectrum from ASD, purportedly resulting from a conflict in the genomic imprinting between paternal and maternal genes, with an extreme genomic imprinting in favor of paternal genes being associated with ASD.<ref>https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/the-imprinted-brain/201506/testing-the-extreme-female-brain-theory-psychosis</ref> This also corresponds with sex differences in empathizing vs systemizing,<ref>https://www.pnas.org/content/115/48/12152?fbclid=IwAR0ngaYIo88A77EKpALefnsr54ZZpPWGbatCYNPBcC84HgcDGmsZ2c6VgB4</ref> which find females are generally higher in empathizing and males highest in systemizing, with autistic individuals of both sexes typically displaying a more masculinized behavioral phenotype. These developmental theories are not necessarily mutually exclusive with the theories of ASD that attribute the etiology of the disorder to greater [[mutation|mutational load]].<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5895441/</ref>
The complementary imprinted brain theory puts psychotic spectrum disorders (such as schizophrenia) on the opposite end of a spectrum from ASD, purportedly resulting from a conflict in the genomic imprinting between paternal and maternal genes, with an extreme genomic imprinting in favor of paternal genes being associated with ASD.<ref>https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/the-imprinted-brain/201506/testing-the-extreme-female-brain-theory-psychosis</ref> This also corresponds with sex differences in empathizing vs systematizing<ref>https://www.pnas.org/content/115/48/12152?fbclid=IwAR0ngaYIo88A77EKpALefnsr54ZZpPWGbatCYNPBcC84HgcDGmsZ2c6VgB4</ref> which find females are generally higher in empathizing and males highest in systematizing, with autistic individuals of both sexes typically displaying a more masculinized behavioral phenotype. These developmental theories are not necessarily mutually exclusive with the theories of ASD that attribute the etiology of the disorder to greater [[mutation|mutational load]].<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5895441/</ref>


==Advanced parental age and mutational load==
==Advanced parental age and mutational load==
There is some evidence that increasing deleterious [[mutation|mutational load]] in the population, mediated by advanced paternal age and also possibly by reductions in natural selection due to industrialization and modern medicine, is contributing to the increase in global autism diagnoses,<ref>https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/autism-spectrum-disorders</ref> that may not be fully explicable by the broadening of the diagnostic criteria of autism or increased awareness of the issue.  
There is some evidence that increasing deleterious [[mutation|mutational load]] in the population, mediated by advanced paternal age and also possibly by reductions in natural selection due to industrialization and modern medicine, is contributing to the increase in global autism diagnoses,<ref>https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/autism-spectrum-disorders</ref> that may not be fully explicable by the broadening of the diagnostic criteria of autism or increased awareness of the issue.  


Iossifov et al. (2015) found that 30% of cases of autism in simplex families (where only one immediate family member has the condition) arises from ''de novo'' (novel) mutations, often transmitted from the mother.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26401017/</ref><ref>https://www.simonsfoundation.org/2015/07/27/autism-risk-genes-success-with-the-simplex-approach/</ref> Taylor et al. found that simplex cases of autism were typically more problematic as compared to multiplex cases (multiple family members affected).<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1750946714002943</ref> Advanced parental age at birth also heightens the risk of ASD in offspring, with a possible mediating role of greater paternal age increasing the incidence of ''de novo'' mutations leading to ASD in offspring.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0890856719301261</ref>
Iossifov et al. (2015) found that 30% of cases of autism in simplex families (where only one immediate family member has the condition) arises from ''de novo'' (novel) mutations, often transmitted from the mother.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26401017/</ref><ref>https://www.simonsfoundation.org/2015/07/27/autism-risk-genes-success-with-the-simplex-approach/</ref> Taylor et al. found that simplex cases of autism were typically more problematic as compared to multiplex cases (multiple family members affected).<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1750946714002943</ref> Advanced parental age at birth also heightens the risk of ASD in offspring, with a possible mediating role of greater paternal age heightening the incidence of ''de novo'' mutations leading to ASD in offspring.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0890856719301261</ref>
Some researchers have claimed that the lessened prevalence of autism in women, rather than being explicable by the extreme male brain theory, may be due to an increased mutational load being required to contribute to the etiology of the condition in females.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24581740</ref> This also implies that females who have the condition may exhibit stronger symptoms due to carrying more deleterious mutations than males with the condition. However, it is also claimed that the lesser female prevalence of the disorder may be due to higher-functioning female autists being more effective at 'masking' the socially disruptive symptoms of the condition.<ref>https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/females-are-genetically-protected-from-autism/</ref>
Some researchers have claimed that the lessened prevalence of autism in women, rather than being explicable by the extreme male brain theory, may be due to levels of mutational load being required for the disorder to be symptomatic in females.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24581740</ref> This also implies that females who have the condition may exhibit stronger symptoms due to carrying more deleterious mutations than males with the condition. However, it is also claimed that the lesser female prevalence of the disorder may be due to higher-functioning female autists being more effective at 'masking' the socially disruptive symptoms of the condition.<ref>https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/females-are-genetically-protected-from-autism/</ref>


==Evolutionary theories of autism==
==Evolutionary theories of autism==
Theories based on evolutionary psychology have proposed <ref>https://www.academia.edu/36525083/ADHD_Autism_and_Psychopathy_as_Life_Strategies_The_Role_of_Risk_Tolerance_on_Evolutionary_Fitness</ref> that ASD represents a 'failed' male evolutionary mating strategy adaption, with the disorders that are somewhat similar in their etiology and pathology to autism such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) and Anti-Social Personality Disorder (ASPD, commonly known as 'psychopathy') likely represent more beneficial adaptions in general.<ref>https://www.reddit.com/r/BlackPillScience/comments/bnnr6r/teenage_boys_with_adhd_are_much_more_successful/</ref>
Theories based on evolutionary psychology have proposed <ref>https://www.academia.edu/36525083/ADHD_Autism_and_Psychopathy_as_Life_Strategies_The_Role_of_Risk_Tolerance_on_Evolutionary_Fitness</ref> that ASD represents a 'failed' male evolutionary mating strategy adaption, with the disorders that are somewhat similar in their etiology and pathology to autism such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) and Anti-Social Personality Disorder (ASPD, commonly known as 'psychopathy') likely represent more beneficial adaptions in general.<ref>https://www.reddit.com/r/BlackPillScience/comments/bnnr6r/teenage_boys_with_adhd_are_much_more_successful/</ref>
Psychopathic traits include a lower arousal threshold (less or no fear, desire for extreme stimulation, very low inhibition) and it is argued these improve mating success in men, whereas autism clearly is detrimental to mating success.<ref>https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40806-019-00213-0</ref>
Psychopathic traits include a lower arousal threshold (less or no fear, desire for extreme stimulation, very low inhibition) and it is argued these improve mating success in men, whereas autism is detrimental to mating success.<ref>https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40806-019-00213-0</ref>


In a similar vein, Overskied (2016) argued that many powerful politicians throughout recent history, such as as Angela Merkel, Lyndon B Johnson, and Nelson Mandela, among others, exhibited significant subclinical autistic traits, and the increase in male [[reproductive success]] associated with this status could explain some of the apparent rise in the prevalence of ASD in recent times. Overskied attempted to explain the discrepancy in the diagnosis of the disorder by sex by noting the reproductive success associated with high status is typically only found in men, with women's high status decreasing their reproductive success. He claims these subclinical autistic behaviors shared a common cause with actual autism, pre-natal testesterone exposure, in accordance with Baron-Cohen's extreme male brain theory. He also stated that the high cortisol levels often found in autistics may serve to inhibit the expression of such socially dominant behaviors in them, whereas the powerful figures he claimed exhibited sub-clinical autistic traits may not be subject to such high cortisol levels. <ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5005963/</ref>
In a similar vein, Overskied (2016) argued that many powerful politicians throughout recent history, such as the German Chancellor Angela Merkel, former US president Lyndon B Johnson, and the former South African president Nelson Mandela, among many others, exhibited significant subclinical autistic traits, and argued increase in male [[reproductive success]] associated with this status could explain some of the apparent increase in the prevalence of ASD in recent times. Overskied attempted to explain the discrepancy in the diagnosis of the disorder by sex by noting the reproductive success associated with high status is typically only found in men, with women's high status decreasing their reproductive success. He claims these subclinical autistic behaviors shared a common cause with actual autism, pre-natal [[testosterone]] exposure, in accordance with Baron-Cohen's extreme male brain theory. He also stated that the high cortisol levels often found in autistics may serve to inhibit the expression of such socially dominant behaviors in them, whereas the powerful figures he claimed exhibited sub-clinical autistic traits may not be subject to such high cortisol levels. <ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5005963/</ref>


Other theorists have examined autism through a [[life history]] framework, claiming that autism represents an extreme slow [[life history]] strategy (later age of reproduction, slower growth, focus on acquiring resources instead of early reproduction, and so on), with autistic traits perhaps being associated with the acquisition of specialized skills that may have served to enhance the eventual reproductive success of individuals that bore these traits in human's ancestral past. Some research has indeed indicated that autistic traits are associated with other traits that reflect a slow life history strategy, while schizotypic traits were found to possibly reflect a fast life history strategy.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090513814000580</ref>
Other theorists have examined autism through a [[life history]] framework, claiming that autism represents an extreme slow [[life history]] strategy (later age of reproduction, slower growth, focus on acquiring resources instead of early reproduction, and so on), with autistic traits perhaps being associated with the acquisition of specialized skills that may have served to enhance the eventual reproductive success of individuals that bore these traits in human's ancestral past. Some research has indeed indicated that autistic traits are associated with other traits that reflect a slow life history strategy, while schizotypic traits were found to possibly reflect a fast life history strategy.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090513814000580</ref>


==Relationship between ASD, physical masculinity, and looks==
==Relationship between ASD, physical masculinity, and looks==
In apparent contrast with the extreme male brain theory, there is some research indicating those (male and female) are more physically androgynous then NTs, possibly contributing to the higher incidence of [[inceldom]] among autists. A study in the Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders demonstrated that males with higher levels of 'autistic traits' were generally more physically feminine then males with lower levels of autistic traits and vice versa for females. <ref>https://jneurodevdisorders.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s11689-015-9109-6</ref>
In apparent contrast with the extreme male brain theory, there is some research indicating those (male and female) exhibit a greater amount of physical androgyny than NTs, possibly contributing to the higher incidence of [[inceldom]] among autists. A study in the Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders demonstrated that males with higher levels of 'autistic traits' were generally more physically feminine then males with lower levels of autistic traits and vice versa for females. <ref>https://jneurodevdisorders.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s11689-015-9109-6</ref>


The authors hypothesise that it is possible that those with ASD have more androgynous physical appearance but more male brains in regards to systemising/empathising. However their findings are directly contradicted by another study using similar methodology, which found that pre-pubescent children with ASD were more facially masculine and those with more severe symptoms tended towards being the most masculinized, utilizing 3D face tracking software. <ref> https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-09939-y#Sec17</ref>  
The authors hypothesize that those with ASD have a more androgynous physical appearance but more masculine brains in regards to systematizing/empathizing. However, their findings are directly contradicted by another study using a similar methodology, which found that pre-pubescent children with ASD were more facially masculine and that those with more severe symptoms tended towards being the most masculinized, utilizing 3D face tracking software. <ref> https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-09939-y#Sec17</ref>  


One of the explanations given by the authors of second study are that the first study examined adults, while theirs studied children. Social victimization and exclusion suffered by many autists results in higher levels of cortisol and the subsequent lowering of testosterone that results from high cortisol levels, leads to a higher Cortisol/T ratio, thus producing an incomplete level of masculinization of the face and body during puberty. This accounts for any lack of masculine traits, such as a strong [[mandible]]/square jaw. Still there are [[Pretty Boy|other factors]] that produce hyper feminine traits such as large eyes and actually [[cutecel|having a girls face.]] Ironically the hi cortisol, low T theory unintentionally explains why sadboys, and emo guys are always feminine/androgynous looking. For example, there are no cases of emo bodybuilders, because lifting weights elevates one's mood, raises self esteem, and has anti-depressant effects.<ref>https://www.bustle.com/p/lifting-weights-can-improve-mood-a-new-study-shows-heres-how-to-do-it-safely-9327898</ref> Other explanations the authors of the series of studies gave were possible methodological errors in the first study, and since autism is not a single concrete disorder and set of universal symptoms but a 'spectrum' of behaviours and neurological differences, there is the possibility that the autists higher in social deficits are the more masculinized ones, whereas those higher in systemising and obsessive interests are not.
One of the explanations given by the authors of the newer study is that the first study examined adults, while theirs studied children. Social victimization and exclusion suffered by many autists results in higher levels of cortisol and the subsequent lowering of testosterone that results from high cortisol levels, leads to a higher Cortisol/T ratio, possibly producing an incomplete level of masculinization of the face and body during puberty. Other explanations for this discrepancy the authors of the series of studies pointed to were possible methodological errors in the first study, and since autism is not a single concrete disorder and set of universal symptoms but a 'spectrum' of behaviors and neurological differences, there is the possibility that the autists higher in social deficits are the more masculinized ones, whereas those higher in systematizing and obsessive interests are not.


In addition, there is evidence that those with ASD have less symmetrical faces than neurotypicals. For instance, a study in published in 2010 found evidence of "significant facial asymmetry" in boys with ASD, particularly in the supra and periorbital regions in front of the frontal pole of the right hemisphere of the brain.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18317467</ref> This could be caused by differences in brain grown or/and genetic factors, since the mothers of those with ASD generally exhibited similar facial asymmetry. This could result in those with ASD being, on average, less attractive as compared to NTs, due to facial symmetry being generally found to be a component of facial [[beauty]].<ref>https://www.annualreviews.org/article/suppl/10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190208/suppl_file/ps.57.rhodes.appendix2.pdf</ref>
There is also evidence that those with ASD have less symmetrical faces than neurotypicals. A lack of bodily symmetry is weakly linked to a higher level of mutational load. For instance, a study in published in 2010 found evidence of "significant facial asymmetry" in boys with ASD, particularly in the supra and periorbital regions in front of the frontal pole of the right hemisphere of the brain.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18317467</ref> This could be caused by differences in brain growth or/and genetic factors since the mothers of those with ASD generally exhibited similar facial asymmetry. This could result in those with ASD being, on average, less attractive as compared to NTs, due to facial symmetry being generally found to be a component of facial [[beauty]].<ref>https://www.annualreviews.org/article/suppl/10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190208/suppl_file/ps.57.rhodes.appendix2.pdf</ref>


In accordance with the [[blackpill]] there is also some evidence that the social difficulties that those with ASD face do not only originate with the neurological traits of the disorder, but also with how those with the disorder are perceived by others. An article in the scientific journal Nature,<ref>https://www.nature.com/articles/srep40700</ref> presented a series of studies that demonstrated that when shown photos and clips of social interactions(filmed via first person with a go pro camera) of a group of ASD versus neurotypical individuals, ASD individuals were, as a group perceived as significantly less attractive, dominant, likeable, and fun to 'hang-out' with. They were however, perceived as roughly equally trustworthy, smart and good to live near compared to NT controls. Their findings also demonstrated that the "negative first impressions of adults with ASD occurred only when audio and/or visual information was present, and not when the transcript of their speech content was evaluated. This discrepancy suggests that social presentation style rather than the substantive content of social speech drove negative impression formation of individuals with ASD.
In accordance with the [[blackpill]] there is also some evidence that the social difficulties that those with ASD face do not only originate with the sufferer's social deficits but perhaps are substantially due to the negative perceptions of them by others.
An article in the scientific journal Nature<ref>https://www.nature.com/articles/srep40700</ref> presented a series of studies that demonstrated that when shown photos and clips of social interactions(filmed via a first-person perspective with a go pro camera) of a group of ASD versus neurotypical individuals. ASD individuals were as a group perceived as significantly less attractive, dominant, likable, and fun to 'hang-out' with. They were, however, perceived as roughly equally 'trustworthy', 'smart' and 'good to live near' compared to NT controls. Their findings also demonstrated that the "negative first impressions of adults with ASD occurred only when audio and/or visual information was present, and not when the transcript of their speech content was evaluated. This discrepancy suggests that social presentation style rather than the substantive content of social speech drove negative impression formation of individuals with ASD."


There are autistic male models, that literally look autistic but are still somehow objectively good looking at the same time.<ref>https://www.kemifilani.ng/2019/06/indias-first-male-model-with-autism-is-making-headlines.html</ref>
==Relationship between ASD and behavioral androgyny==
In seeming contradiction to the "extreme male brain" theory of the etiology of ASD, there is also evidence that ASD is associated with behavioral androgyny in both sexes. However, as stated above, the theory does not claim that those with ASD are more "masculine" in the sense that accords with cultural/biological definitions of masculinity. This theory merely proposes that exposure to excessive levels of androgens in the pre-natal environment is one of the main causes of the disorder, and this elevated androgen exposure is associated with traits that masculinize the brain of those with ASD in certain contexts, such as causing a lack of empathizing capabilities and a greater tendency toward systematizing (e.g. an extreme exaggeration of the general male tendency to be interested in "things" instead of "people").<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/38061313_Men_and_Things_Women_and_People_A_Meta-Analysis_of_Sex_Differences_in_Interests</ref><ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3166361/</ref>  


==Relationship between ASD and behavioral androgyny==
Regarding the behavior profiles typical of those with ASD, a study published in 2014 using a modified version of the Bem Sex Role Inventory found those with ASD generally exhibited a more androgynous gender personality profile,<ref>https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0087961</ref>. This was mainly due to individuals with ASD reporting less competitive drive, poorer leadership abilities, and lower assertiveness. However, women with ASD reported a greater masculinized gender identity, and two-thirds stated they were tomboys in childhood vs one-third of control women.
In seeming contradiction to the "extreme male brain" theory of the etiology of ASD, there is also some evidence that ASD is associated with behavioral androgyny in both sexes. However, as stated above, the theory does not claim that those with ASD are more "masculine" in a sense that accords with cultural/biological definitions of masculinity. Merely that exposure to excessive levels of androgens in the pre-natal environment is one of the main causes of the disorder, and that this androgen exposure is associated with traits that masculinize the brain of those with ASD in certain contexts, such as causing less empathy and/or a greater tendency toward systemizing (e.g. an extreme exaggeration of the general male tendency to be interested in "things" instead of "people"<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/38061313_Men_and_Things_Women_and_People_A_Meta-Analysis_of_Sex_Differences_in_Interests</ref><ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3166361/</ref>).  


Regarding the behavior profiles typical of those with ASD, a study published in 2014 found that, using a modified version of the Bem Sex Role Inventory, those with ASD generally exhibited a more androgynous gender profile,<ref>https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0087961</ref>. This was mainly based on those with ASD generally reporting having less of a competitive drive, poorer leadership abilities and lower assertiveness. However, women with ASD reported a greater masculinized gender identity, and two thirds stated they were tomboys in childhood vs one-third of control women.
Another study in 2010 found that those with ASD were 10 times more likely to be referred to a gender identity clinic than those in the general population.<ref>https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10803-010-0935-9</ref>. This poses a problem to the extreme male brain theory of autism because both sexes were equally likely to exhibit gender dysphoria. Whereas one would expect females to be dysphoric than males if the extreme male brain theory was valid. However, the authors state that this form of gender dysphoria may be atypical, and is possibly related to the obsessional interests often found in those in ASD.  


Another study in 2010 found that those with ASD were 10 times more likely to be referred to a gender identity clinic than those in the general population.<ref>https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10803-010-0935-9</ref>. This poses a problem to the extreme male brain theory of autism, because both sexes were equally likely to exhibit gender dysphoria. Whereas one would expect females to be dysphoric than males if the extreme male brain theory was valid. However, the authors state that this form of gender dysphoria may be atypical, and could possibly be related to the obsessional interests often found in those in ASD.  
It was also found that, contrary to the majority of typically developing individuals with gender dysphoria, those in the study who exhibited both gender dysphoria and ASD were not attracted to their natal sex, but were attracted to individuals of the opposite birth sex. This may also be explained by the [[Trans-vestigiality hypothesis]], i.e. the idea that the social exclusion and sexual frustration often experienced by autistic males, in particular, may contribute to them 'transitioning' to female gender identity to gain access to women, via the evasion of direct competition with other males. They possibly also romantically benefit from the social cachét that progressive circles often confer upon transsexuals.


It was also found that, contrary to the majority of typical developing individuals with gender dysphoria, those in the study who exhibited both gender dysphoria and ASD were not attracted to their natal sex, but were attracted to individuals of the opposite birth sex. This may also be explained by the [[Trans-vestigiality hypothesis]], i.e. the idea that the social exclusion and sexual frustration often experienced by autistic males in particular, may contribute to them 'transitioning' to a female gender identity in order to gain access to women, by evading competition with other males. They possibly also romantically benefit from the social cachét that progressive circles often confer upon transsexuals.
Some have also suggested that this much greater prevalence of gender dysphoria among autistics may be attributed to the higher rate of sexual paraphilias among autistics, as one of the causes of gender dysphoria is autogynephilia, or being sexually aroused by the thought of oneself being a woman <ref>https://www.bitchute.com/video/GHSVtLYcS48/</ref> <ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3180619/</ref>


==Women on aspies==
==Women on aspies==
Even when those with Aspergers do manage to get into relationships with [[women]], likely primarily due to some making good [[betabux]] providers due to having high-paying careers demanding specialist skills, there is some evidence that these relationships are fraught with tensions and often unstable.<ref>http://heartlessaspergers.com/</ref>
Even when those with Asperger's do manage to get into relationships with [[women]], possibly  due to some making good [[betabux]] providers due to having high-paying careers demanding specialist skills, there is some anecdotal evidence that these relationships are fraught with tensions and often unstable.<ref>http://heartlessaspergers.com/</ref>
A few choice quotes from disgruntled [[wife|wives]] of men with Asperger's (also good evidence of [[female solipsism]]):
A few choice quotes from disgruntled [[wife|wives]] of men with Asperger's (also good evidence of [[female solipsism]]):
<blockquote>After 23 years of marriage to an AS husband who is a [[betabux|good provider]] and [[nice guy|basically decent person]], all I can say is “DON’T DO IT. Run, run, run as fast as you can. You may love this person, but unless you also despise yourself, you need to leave the relationship as far behind you as possible.”</blockquote>
<blockquote>After 23 years of marriage to an AS husband who is a [[betabux|good provider]] and [[nice guy|basically decent person]], all I can say is “DON’T DO IT. Run, run, run as fast as you can. You may love this person, but unless you also despise yourself, you need to leave the relationship as far behind you as possible.”</blockquote>
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=== Fake nice guy syndrome ===
=== Fake nice guy syndrome ===
When women as well as people in general talk about "fake nice guys" they may in fact be referring to autistic (or ugly) males. Autists may naturally over estimate the optimal amount of pro-social communication/behavior most people generally prefer. Overly formal or polite behavior, which is often found among autists, is counter to establishing dominance. Sexually, women do tend to prefer "assholes". This may be hard to understand for autists, who are claimed to be prone to black and white thinking. <ref>https://www.psychedconsult.com/blog/no-room-for-gray-here</ref>
When women as well as people in general talk about "fake nice guys" they may be referring to autistic (or ugly) males. Autists may naturally overestimate the optimal amount of pro-social communication/behavior most people generally prefer. Overly formal or polite behavior, which is often found among autists, is counter to establishing dominance. Sexually, women do tend to prefer "assholes". This may be hard to understand for autistics, who are claimed to be prone to black and white thinking. <ref>https://www.psychedconsult.com/blog/no-room-for-gray-here</ref>


== Dating advice ==
== Dating advice ==


There has been little research on what determines dating success among the few autists who have it.
There has been little research on what determines dating success among the few autistics who have it.
One study developed 3 key tips for autistic online daters:<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563219301566</ref>
One study developed 3 key tips for autistic online daters:<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563219301566</ref>


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*Frame your personality attributes and interests using positive wording
*Frame your personality attributes and interests using positive wording


There is some evidence that autistic males may be more compatible with autistic females than with NT females (at least in the near-term that is):<ref>https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6kw0v3mf</ref>
There is some evidence that autistic males may be more compatible with autistic females than with [[NT]] females (at least in the near-term that is):<ref>https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6kw0v3mf</ref>


* "Further, similar to speed-dating studies with typical adults, participants matched from speed-dating events led to electronic communication between couples, and dates for approximately one third of matches."
* "Further, similar to speed-dating studies with typical adults, participants matched from speed-dating events led to electronic communication between couples, and dates for approximately one third of matches."

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