Dominance hierarchy: Difference between revisions
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Humans have the most complex behavior of all animals and a wide variety of things determine status such as competence, [[beauty|looks/ornament]], strength/intimidation, humor, power, prestige and resources. Everyone is part of many status hierarchies at the same time, which are either formal or informal.<ref>https://www.amazon.com/Behave-Biology-Humans-Best-Worst/dp/1594205078</ref> | Humans have the most complex behavior of all animals and a wide variety of things determine status such as competence, [[beauty|looks/ornament]], strength/intimidation, humor, power, prestige and resources. Everyone is part of many status hierarchies at the same time, which are either formal or informal.<ref>https://www.amazon.com/Behave-Biology-Humans-Best-Worst/dp/1594205078</ref> | ||
Modern human status hierarchies are larger, more anonymous a lot more formal than the natural ones in hunter-gatherers.<ref>https://www.amazon.com/dp/1594205078</ref> | Modern human status hierarchies are larger, more anonymous and a lot more formal than the natural ones in hunter-gatherers.<ref>https://www.amazon.com/dp/1594205078</ref> | ||
In modern hierarchies, status is regulated by laws and represented "on paper" e.g. by income, occupational status and educational qualifications, often within large organizational or economic systems, possibly spanning the entire world. | In modern hierarchies, status is regulated by laws and represented "on paper" e.g. by income, occupational status and educational qualifications, often within large organizational or economic systems, possibly spanning the entire world. | ||
But much of the ancient ways of organizing smaller hierarchies exist nearly unchanged, e.g. the way people automatically respect tall and strong men, and also good and dominant looking men<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1948550617732388</ref> and individuals who have achieved a high level of competence.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Dominance_hierarchy#Eye_contact</ref> Large formal hierarchies, such as economic hierarchies are not as directly tied to emotional, physiological and mental states (confidence vs anxiety) as informal hierarchies e.g. among coworkers, classmates or social circles. | But much of the ancient ways of organizing smaller hierarchies exist nearly unchanged, e.g. the way people automatically respect tall and strong men, and also good and dominant looking men<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1948550617732388</ref> and individuals who have achieved a high level of competence.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Dominance_hierarchy#Eye_contact</ref> Large formal hierarchies, such as economic hierarchies are not as directly tied to emotional, physiological and mental states (confidence vs anxiety) as informal hierarchies e.g. among coworkers, classmates or social circles. | ||
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Deep voices are generally perceived as more dominant.<ref name="voice">https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.evolhumbehav.2007.05.002</ref> | Deep voices are generally perceived as more dominant.<ref name="voice">https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.evolhumbehav.2007.05.002</ref> | ||
Other dominance signals include loud rapid speaking tempo and clear articulation which is related to confidence.<ref name="voice"/> | Other dominance signals include loud rapid speaking tempo and clear articulation which is related to confidence.<ref name="voice" /> | ||
In one study, low status individuals accommodated their voices to the voice pitch of their higher status partners in an experiment.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1177/0190272517738215</ref> Similar to status differences in smiling, this provides evidence that lower status individuals use signals of appeasement to avoid conflict and accept their position in the hierarchy. | In one study, low status individuals accommodated their voices to the voice pitch of their higher status partners in an experiment.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1177/0190272517738215</ref> Similar to status differences in smiling, this provides evidence that lower status individuals use signals of appeasement to avoid conflict and accept their position in the hierarchy. | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
<references/> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Theories]] | [[Category:Theories]] | ||