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Dominance hierarchy: Difference between revisions
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=== Confidence === | === Confidence === | ||
Ten months old toddlers are able to infer dominance relations between simple geometric objects by observing relative confidence and forcefulness in the object's movements.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21273490</ref> Since babies exhibit this behavior before socialization could have taken place and since one can observe similar behaviors throughout the animal kingdom, one can only conclude that such behaviors are innate rather than [[social constructionism|cultural]]. | Ten months old toddlers are able to infer dominance relations between simple geometric objects by observing relative [[confidence]] and forcefulness in the object's movements.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21273490</ref> Since babies exhibit this behavior before socialization could have taken place and since one can observe similar behaviors throughout the animal kingdom, one can only conclude that such behaviors are innate rather than [[social constructionism|cultural]]. | ||
Subtle poses like nods, arms behind head, [[manspreading]], elevation, relaxation and certain facial expressions are also signals of confidence and status.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1037%2F0022-3514.66.2.398</ref><ref>https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.evolhumbehav.2007.05.002</ref><ref>Burgoon and Hooble, Cashdan, Schwartz et al.., as cited in Dunbar and Burgoon, 2005</ref><ref>Burgoon, Buller, Hale and Deturck, (as cited in Dunbar and Burgoon, 2005)</ref> | Subtle poses like nods, arms behind head, [[manspreading]], elevation, relaxation and certain facial expressions are also signals of confidence and status.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1037%2F0022-3514.66.2.398</ref><ref>https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.evolhumbehav.2007.05.002</ref><ref>Burgoon and Hooble, Cashdan, Schwartz et al.., as cited in Dunbar and Burgoon, 2005</ref><ref>Burgoon, Buller, Hale and Deturck, (as cited in Dunbar and Burgoon, 2005)</ref> | ||