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A genetic '''mutation''' occurs when mistakes are made during copying/[[reproductive success|reproduction]] of DNA and/or chromosomes. These mistakes are inevitable and there are four main types of mutations:<ref>https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation</ref> | A genetic '''mutation''' occurs when mistakes are made during copying/[[reproductive success|reproduction]] of DNA and/or chromosomes. These mistakes are inevitable and there are four main types of mutations:<ref>https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation</ref> | ||
DNA | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Mutation | |||
!DNA | |||
!Chromosome | |||
|- | |||
|Deletion | |||
|one or more DNA bases are left out | |||
|a piece of chromosome is lost, together with any genes which may be on it. | |||
|- | |||
|Insertion | |||
|one or more extra base is put in | |||
|a smaller chromosome is added into a longer chromosome | |||
|- | |||
|Substitution | |||
|one or more bases are changed for another base in the sequence | |||
|- | |||
|Duplication | |||
|whole genes are copied | |||
|part of a chromosome is repeated | |||
|- | |||
|Inversion | |||
| | |||
|part of a chromosome is reversed end to end | |||
|- | |||
|Translocation | |||
| | |||
|part of a chromosome gets moved onto another chromosome | |||
|} | |||
== Incels have more mutations == | == Incels have more mutations == | ||