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'''IQ''' or '''intelligence quotient''' is a measure of a person's cognitive ability. IQ is measured with tests that contain cognitive tasks that are very general, common sense and do not require specialization/schooling. It is assumed no training has taken place for the IQ test, but modern IQ tests are also fairly sturdy i.e. resist the training effects by only testing untrainable abilities such as processing speed, bandwidth and logic. | '''IQ''' or '''intelligence quotient''' is a measure of a person's cognitive ability. IQ is measured with tests that contain cognitive tasks that are very general, common sense and do not require specialization/schooling. It is assumed no training has taken place for the IQ test, but modern IQ tests are also fairly sturdy i.e. resist the training effects by only testing untrainable abilities such as processing speed, bandwidth and logic. | ||
Performance on different IQ tests, school grades | Performance on different IQ tests, school grades, work performance and attained SES<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160289697900039</ref> all correlate somewhat (r = 0.5 to 0.6) which means IQ tests can predict ''general intelligence'', short ''g'', the ability to act intelligently in ''any'' cognitive task, even those tasks which haven't been tested. A task in which people's performance correlates with g and hence with all other IQ tests is said to be ''g-loaded''. It has been suggested a battery of at least three tests are necessary to accurately determine g (short-term memory, reasoning and verbal skills).<ref>https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/9755929/IQ-tests-do-not-reflect-intelligence.html</ref> | ||
g becomes more predictive of work performance the more complex it is.<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0013164498058002011</ref><ref>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Chockalingam_vish_Viswesvaran/publication/319381272_A_Failed_Challenge_to_Validity_Generalization_Addressing_a_Fundamental_Misunderstanding_of_the_Nature_of_VG/links/5a3006d4458515a13d852c84/A-Failed-Challenge-to-Validity-Generalization-Addressing-a-Fundamental-Misunderstanding-of-the-Nature-of-VG.pdf</ref> | g becomes more predictive of work performance the more complex it is.<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0013164498058002011</ref><ref>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Chockalingam_vish_Viswesvaran/publication/319381272_A_Failed_Challenge_to_Validity_Generalization_Addressing_a_Fundamental_Misunderstanding_of_the_Nature_of_VG/links/5a3006d4458515a13d852c84/A-Failed-Challenge-to-Validity-Generalization-Addressing-a-Fundamental-Misunderstanding-of-the-Nature-of-VG.pdf</ref> | ||
This means IQ tests can be used for screening. Even though IQ is an imperfect measure, it allows to very reliably decide for example that 115 is a minimum for achieving a graduate degree with satisfying grades.<ref>http://emilkirkegaard.dk/en/wp-content/uploads/Bias-in-Mental-Testing-Arthur-R.-Jensen.pdf</ref> | This means IQ tests can be used for screening. Even though IQ is an imperfect measure, it allows to very reliably decide for example that 115 is a minimum for achieving a graduate degree with satisfying grades.<ref>http://emilkirkegaard.dk/en/wp-content/uploads/Bias-in-Mental-Testing-Arthur-R.-Jensen.pdf</ref> | ||
Even social skills are g-loaded, but only things like knowledge about social events, not so much the gossipy socializing. | Even social skills are g-loaded, but only things like knowledge about social events, not so much the gossipy socializing aspect.<ref>https://psychology.stackexchange.com/questions/9746/does-high-iq-correlate-with-good-social-skills</ref> | ||
Various physiological measures, such as reaction time,<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160289601000629</ref> brain volume,<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160289616303385</ref> pupil size,<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27821254</ref>, cortical surface area,<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6468099</ref> and color discrimation<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160289601000666</ref> have been found to correlate with g. Further, much of g was been linked to certain genes.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6411041/</ref> This suggests that general intelligence is explained by more efficient and functional brains at physiological level. Abilities that are relevant for all cognitive tasks are for example to quickly learn, retrieve and process a maximal amount of information and to quickly consider different hypotheses without losing track of things. These abilities enable one to better find a solution to any given problem and a path to any given goal. | Various physiological measures, such as reaction time,<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160289601000629</ref> brain volume,<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160289616303385</ref> pupil size,<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27821254</ref>, cortical surface area,<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6468099</ref> and color discrimation<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160289601000666</ref> have been found to correlate with g. Further, much of g was been linked to certain genes.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6411041/</ref> This suggests that general intelligence is explained by more efficient and functional brains at physiological level. Abilities that are relevant for all cognitive tasks are for example to quickly learn, retrieve and process a maximal amount of information and to quickly consider different hypotheses without losing track of things. These abilities enable one to better find a solution to any given problem and a path to any given goal. | ||