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'''IQ''' or '''intelligence quotient''' is a measure of a person's cognitive ability. IQ is measured with tests that contain cognitive tasks that are very general and do not require specialization/schooling to answer, thus overlap with common sense. It is assumed no training has taken place for the IQ test, but modern IQ tests are also fairly sturdy i.e. resist the training effects by only testing untrainable abilities such as processing speed, bandwidth and logic. | '''IQ''' or '''intelligence quotient''' is a measure of a person's cognitive ability. IQ is measured with tests that contain cognitive tasks that are very general and do not require specialization/schooling to answer, thus overlap with common sense. It is assumed no training has taken place for the IQ test, but modern IQ tests are also fairly sturdy i.e. resist the training effects by only testing untrainable abilities such as processing speed, bandwidth and logic. | ||
Performance on different IQ tests, as well as school and work performance correlate somewhat (r = ~0.5) which means IQ tests can predict ''general intelligence'', short ''g'', the ability to act intelligently in ''any'' cognitive task, even those which haven't been tested. A task in which people's performance correlates with g is said to be ''g-loaded''. | Performance on different IQ tests, as well as school and work performance correlate somewhat (r = ~0.5) which means IQ tests can predict ''general intelligence'', short ''g'', the ability to act intelligently in ''any'' cognitive task, even those which haven't been tested. A task in which people's performance correlates with g to some extent is said to be ''g-loaded''. | ||
Even | Even even social skills are g-loaded (but only declarative knowledge about social events, not so much gossipy socializing<ref>https://psychology.stackexchange.com/questions/9746/does-high-iq-correlate-with-good-social-skills</ref>). This means IQ tests are relevant for can be used for screening. Even though IQ is an imperfect measure, it allows to very reliably decide for example that a person with IQ less than 90 is very likely to fail in an academic math course and that 115 is a minimum for achieving a graduate degree with satisfying grades.<ref>http://emilkirkegaard.dk/en/wp-content/uploads/Bias-in-Mental-Testing-Arthur-R.-Jensen.pdf</ref> It has been suggested a battery of at least three tests is necessary to assess general intelligence accurately (short-term memory, reasoning and verbal skills).<ref>https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/9755929/IQ-tests-do-not-reflect-intelligence.html</ref> | ||
Various physiological measures, such as reaction time<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160289601000629</ref>, brain volume,<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160289616303385</ref> and color discrimation<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160289601000666</ref> have been found to be g-loaded. This has lead to the conclusion that the more intelligent generally have more efficient and functional brains on a physiological level. Abilities that are relevant for all cognitive tasks are for example to quickly learn, retrieve and process a maximal amount of information and to quickly consider different hypotheses without losing track of things. These abilities enable one to better find a solution to any given problem and a path to any given goal. | Various physiological measures, such as reaction time<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160289601000629</ref>, brain volume,<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160289616303385</ref> and color discrimation<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160289601000666</ref> have been found to be g-loaded. This has lead to the conclusion that the more intelligent generally have more efficient and functional brains on a physiological level. Abilities that are relevant for all cognitive tasks are for example to quickly learn, retrieve and process a maximal amount of information and to quickly consider different hypotheses without losing track of things. These abilities enable one to better find a solution to any given problem and a path to any given goal. | ||