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Homosexuality: Difference between revisions
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Therefore, gayness is associated with low status, and men can use accusations of gayness as means of intrasexual competition and reputation denigration to get ahead in the dominance game of impressing women. Omega males are of no use for betas, so betas exclude and bully them to foil any competitive threat that may arise. Receiving gay sex (being the "bottom" rather than the "top") is also widely regarded as submissive and feminine, i.e. weak.<ref>Schippers M. 2007. ''Recovering the feminine other: masculinity, femininity, and gender hegemony.'' Theory and Society. Vol. 36.1, pp. 85–102. [[http://doi.org/10.1007/s11186-007-9022-4 Abstract]]</ref><ref name="NYC">Wegesin DJ, Meyer-Bahlburg HFL. 2000. ''Top/Bottom Self-Label, Anal Sex Practices, HIV Risk and Gender Role Identity in Gay Men in New York City.'' [[https://doi.org/10.1300/J056v12n03_03 Abstract]] Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality. Vol 12.3, pp. 43–62.</ref><ref>Hoppe T. 2011. ''Circuits of power, circuits of pleasure: Sexual scripting in gay men's bottom narratives'' Sexualities. Vol. 14.2, pp. 193–217. [[http://doi.org/10.1177/1363460711399033 Abstract]]</ref> | Therefore, gayness is associated with low status, and men can use accusations of gayness as means of intrasexual competition and reputation denigration to get ahead in the dominance game of impressing women. Omega males are of no use for betas, so betas exclude and bully them to foil any competitive threat that may arise. Receiving gay sex (being the "bottom" rather than the "top") is also widely regarded as submissive and feminine, i.e. weak.<ref>Schippers M. 2007. ''Recovering the feminine other: masculinity, femininity, and gender hegemony.'' Theory and Society. Vol. 36.1, pp. 85–102. [[http://doi.org/10.1007/s11186-007-9022-4 Abstract]]</ref><ref name="NYC">Wegesin DJ, Meyer-Bahlburg HFL. 2000. ''Top/Bottom Self-Label, Anal Sex Practices, HIV Risk and Gender Role Identity in Gay Men in New York City.'' [[https://doi.org/10.1300/J056v12n03_03 Abstract]] Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality. Vol 12.3, pp. 43–62.</ref><ref>Hoppe T. 2011. ''Circuits of power, circuits of pleasure: Sexual scripting in gay men's bottom narratives'' Sexualities. Vol. 14.2, pp. 193–217. [[http://doi.org/10.1177/1363460711399033 Abstract]]</ref> | ||
A survey published in the ''Journal of the American Medical Association'' estimated that nearly as many men as women were raped in the civil war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the 1990s (22% of men and 30% of women in Eastern Congo reported conflict-related sexual violence, which would likely be heavily influenced by social desirability bias in the case of male survivors in particular). Many of the men who were raped in the Congo reported being abandoned by their wives after the experience, with the | A survey published in the ''Journal of the American Medical Association'' estimated that nearly as many men as women were raped in the civil war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the 1990s (22% of men and 30% of women in Eastern Congo reported conflict-related sexual violence, which would likely be heavily influenced by social desirability bias in the case of male survivors in particular). Many of the men who were raped in the Congo reported being abandoned by their wives after the experience, with the wives citing the rape as evidence that the man was weak and therefore could not protect her.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/society/2011/jul/17/the-rape-of-men</ref> | ||
This stigma against receptive sex due to the | This stigma against receptive sex due to the association of it with effeminacy and weakness explains why accusation of being a receptive homosexual was historically one of, if not the worst, insults one could level at a man. | ||
== Penetrative gay sex is high status == | == Penetrative gay sex is high status == | ||