Fisherian runaway: Difference between revisions

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Fisherian runaway (edit)

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Even though human females are more choosy in accordance to [[Bateman's principle]], both sexes are ornamented. Women have [[Boobs|permanently swollen breasts]],<ref>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.02.005</ref> an hour glass shaped body etc., men have a V-shaped upper body, more toned muscles, beards, very large penises compared to other great apes, and [[:Category:Aesthetics|various other features]].<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090513810000279</ref> Both sexes have clearly defined [[Hairline|hairlines]] and very clear skin. None of these features have survival value besides being good looking, so they're likely sexually selected, likely mostly by aesthetic selection common to many higher animals,<ref>https://www.apa.org/monitor/oct06/pretty</ref> and possibly by feedback loops like Fisherian runaway and sensory bias,<ref>Fuller, R. C., Houle, D., & Travis, J. 2005. ''Sensory Bias as an Explanation for the Evolution of Mate Preferences.'' [[https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/444443 Abstract]]</ref> leading to exaggeration and strengthened sexual dimorphism.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090513810000279</ref> Though dominant and masculine features like large beards and a deep, intimidating voice may also serve the intimidation of other males.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090513810000279</ref><ref>http://larspenke.eu/pdfs/Kordsmeyer_et_al_2018_-_Intra-_vs_intersexual_selection_on_human_males.pdf</ref>
Even though human females are more choosy in accordance to [[Bateman's principle]], both sexes are ornamented. Women have [[Boobs|permanently swollen breasts]],<ref>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.02.005</ref> an hour glass shaped body etc., men have a V-shaped upper body, more toned muscles, beards, very large penises compared to other great apes, and [[:Category:Aesthetics|various other features]].<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090513810000279</ref> Both sexes have clearly defined [[Hairline|hairlines]] and very clear skin. None of these features have survival value besides being good looking, so they're likely sexually selected, likely mostly by aesthetic selection common to many higher animals,<ref>https://www.apa.org/monitor/oct06/pretty</ref> and possibly by feedback loops like Fisherian runaway and sensory bias,<ref>Fuller, R. C., Houle, D., & Travis, J. 2005. ''Sensory Bias as an Explanation for the Evolution of Mate Preferences.'' [[https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/444443 Abstract]]</ref> leading to exaggeration and strengthened sexual dimorphism.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090513810000279</ref> Though dominant and masculine features like large beards and a deep, intimidating voice may also serve the intimidation of other males.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090513810000279</ref><ref>http://larspenke.eu/pdfs/Kordsmeyer_et_al_2018_-_Intra-_vs_intersexual_selection_on_human_males.pdf</ref>
The fact that men have only reproduced half as often as women<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Before_.27enforced_monogamy.27.2C_women.27s_effective_population_size_was_up_to_17x_larger_than_men.27s</ref> suggests the most dominant men were primarily involved in selecting women's ornament.
The fact that men have only reproduced half as often as women<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Before_.27enforced_monogamy.27.2C_women.27s_effective_population_size_was_up_to_17x_larger_than_men.27s</ref> suggests the most dominant men were primarily involved in selecting women's ornament.
==Criticism==
===Good genes===
Good genes hypothesis or ''Zahavi's handicap principle'' claims exaggerated ornament is a costly and hence a reliable signal of other desirable traits. For example, a peacock with a very large tail would be easy prey (which is costly), and thus would most likely have other good traits that make up for this handicap (good genes). There is, however, little supporting scientific evidence.  In humans in particular, beauty and ornament is not strongly correlated with health at all (only weakly), and even less with cognitive ability.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Attractive_people_are_perceived_much_more_positively_than_they_really_are</ref>
===Extinction===
Base sexual preference of an entire species can make them more likely to go extinct.<ref>https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1365-2656.12601</ref><ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1691875/</ref><ref>https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/04/180411131646.htm</ref><ref>https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-04059-7</ref> But the runaway selection of the most exaggerated members alone, arguably cannot cause the entire species to go extinct.  However, together with environmental factors, runaway female selection has played a role in extinction, for example in the the Irish Elk.<ref>The evolution of sexual strategy in modern humans: an interdisciplinary approach by Collins, Kendra Marie, https://studyres.com/doc/2550939/--california-state-university</ref><ref>Moen et al., 1999</ref>
There are scientific models that show under a stable environment, a feedback loop can develop where male intrasexual competition leads to a linear increase in size dimorphism, outstripping the ability of the environment to to support this increased size.<ref>http://www.jstor.org/stable/2410506</ref>


== Female mate choice==
== Female mate choice==
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