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<span id="zyzz"></span>[[File:Buff.jpg|thumb|right|One popular sex icon for men: Zyzz, died young of sudden cardiac arrest from too much steroid use to make himself look hyper-masculine. He was not a [[reproductive success]].]] | <span id="zyzz"></span>[[File:Buff.jpg|thumb|right|One popular sex icon for men: Zyzz, died young of sudden cardiac arrest from too much steroid use to make himself look hyper-masculine. He was not a [[reproductive success]].]] | ||
'''Fisherian runaway''' is a mechanism by which sexual selection leads to exaggerated, [[Maladaptiveness|maladaptive]] and unhealthy, physical traits (ornamentation) in some individuals of a species, sometimes contributing to reduced population viability,<ref>Encyclopedia of Ecology, By Brian D. Fath, page 316 https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=x1h7DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA310&dq=%22fisherian+runaway%22+extinction+%22selection%22&ots=cq04BIA2Lf&sig=Otp5RbC3B_5W1ZR7Q3zGjPOe7uA#v=onepage&q=fisherian%20runaway&f</ref> or, more rarely, if the runaway is not corrected, extinction. | '''Fisherian runaway''' is a mechanism by which sexual selection leads to exaggerated, [[Maladaptiveness|maladaptive]] and unhealthy, physical traits (ornamentation) in some individuals of a species, sometimes contributing to reduced population viability,<ref>Encyclopedia of Ecology, By Brian D. Fath, page 316 https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=x1h7DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA310&dq=%22fisherian+runaway%22+extinction+%22selection%22&ots=cq04BIA2Lf&sig=Otp5RbC3B_5W1ZR7Q3zGjPOe7uA#v=onepage&q=fisherian%20runaway&f</ref> or, more rarely, if the runaway is not corrected, extinction.<ref>The evolution of sexual strategy in modern humans: an interdisciplinary approach by Collins, Kendra Marie, https://studyres.com/doc/2550939/--california-state-university</ref><ref>Moen et al., 1999</ref> | ||
There are scientific models that show under a stable environment, a feedback loop can develop where male intrasexual competition leads to a linear increase in size dimorphism, outstripping the ability of the environment to to support this increased size.<ref>http://www.jstor.org/stable/2410506</ref>The name Fisherian runaway derives from the originator of the concept, Ronald Fisher, the 20th century British statistician, geneticist, eugenicist and racialist. | |||
== Animal examples == | == Animal examples == | ||
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Also called the ''good genes hypothesis'', this claims the exaggerated ornament is a costly and hence a reliable signal of other desirable traits. For example, a peacock with a very large tail would be easy prey (which is costly), and thus would most likely have other good traits that make up for this handicap (good genes). There is, however, little supporting scientific evidence. In humans in particular, beauty is not strongly correlated with health at all (those it is weakly), and even less with cognitive ability.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Attractive_people_are_perceived_much_more_positively_than_they_really_are</ref> | Also called the ''good genes hypothesis'', this claims the exaggerated ornament is a costly and hence a reliable signal of other desirable traits. For example, a peacock with a very large tail would be easy prey (which is costly), and thus would most likely have other good traits that make up for this handicap (good genes). There is, however, little supporting scientific evidence. In humans in particular, beauty is not strongly correlated with health at all (those it is weakly), and even less with cognitive ability.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Attractive_people_are_perceived_much_more_positively_than_they_really_are</ref> | ||
===Environmental factors and extinction=== | |||
Base sexual preference of an entire species can make them more likely to go extinct.<ref>https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1365-2656.12601</ref><ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1691875/</ref><ref>https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/04/180411131646.htm</ref><ref>https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-04059-7</ref> But the runaway selection of the most exaggerated members alone, arguably cannot cause the entire species to go extinct. However, together with environmental factors, runaway female selection has played a role in extinction, for example in the the Irish Elk.<ref>The evolution of sexual strategy in modern humans: an interdisciplinary approach by Collins, Kendra Marie, https://studyres.com/doc/2550939/--california-state-university</ref><ref>Moen et al., 1999</ref> | |||
==Related image== | ==Related image== | ||