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The birth of chivalry thus occurred in the 12th century, which was a High Middle Age (medieval) century directly after the Dark Ages and before the Renaissance. Christian humanism was starting to be developed during this time. William was excommunicated twice by the Church. | The birth of chivalry thus occurred in the 12th century, which was a High Middle Age (medieval) century directly after the Dark Ages and before the Renaissance. Christian humanism was starting to be developed during this time. William was excommunicated twice by the Church. | ||
=== | ===Female-comprised love-courts=== | ||
William's granddaughter, Queen Eleanor, set up imperial courts comprised solely of ladies to judge over matters of love-disputes. This was called the, ''Courts of Love''. This was modeled after feudal courts. She did this with help from her daughter, Marie. | William's granddaughter, Queen Eleanor, set up imperial courts comprised solely of ladies to judge over matters of love-disputes. This was called the, ''Courts of Love''. This was modeled after feudal courts. She did this with help from her daughter, Marie. | ||
===Queen Eleanor's daughter Marie=== | ===Queen Eleanor's daughter Marie=== | ||